Peace and Justice - Fr. Benjamin J. Urmston

Current Events

 

"I just checked out your web site, and I must say that it is remarkable. It is surely the best single source of information on social justice and peace issues that I have found. Kudos!
-Jay Guzwiller XU '98

United Nations 75th Anniversary

To see that attitudes towards other nations can be practical, below is a reminder on the wall of the room of Fr. Francis J. Finn, S.J. Although it was found in 1928 when Fr. Finn died, it still is practical in a June of 2018.

FRAMED ON THE WALL OF FATHER FRANCIS J. FINN'S OFFICE WERE THESE WORDS:

AMERICA FIRST

Not merely in matters material, but in things of the spirit.

Not merely in science, inventions, motors and skyscrapers, but also in ideals, principles, character.

Not merely in the calm assertion of rights, but in the glad assumption of duties.

Not flaunting her strength as a giant, but bending in helpfulness over a sick and wounded world like a good Samaritan.

Not in splendid isolation, but in courageous co-operation.

Not in pride, arrogance and disdain of other races and peoples, but in sympathy, love and understanding.

And so, in that spirit and with these hopes, I say with all my heart and soul, "AMERICA FIRST".

Printed in the St. Xavier Calendar for December 1928, one month after Fr. Finn's death. For more information about this Jesuit priest who wrote many books for young people google Fr. Francis J. Finn, S.J.

How did we as a human family move away from a vision similar to that of Fr. Francis Finn and begin to divide our world into friends and enemies, allies and adversaries? How can we move back to an internal and external vision that would work? Transforming the United Nations System by Dr. Joseph Schwartzberg addresses more representative external structures. Giving a favorable internal interpretation to the views and attitudes of other peoples and religions would address internal structures.

July 2017

The Holy See greeted the Draft Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Arms, adopted at the United nations on July 7, 2017 by 122 countries. For Monsignor Silvano Maria Tomasi, Delegate Secretary of the Dicastery at the Service of Integral Human Development, "this very important vote is a new step in the search for peace."
Speaking on Vatican Radio, Monsignor Tomasi recalled that "for some years, certain States, including the Holy See, have worked to arrive at banishing not only the usage but also the possession of nuclear arms."To acquire and possess nuclear arms or explosive nuclear devices is truly unacceptable," he stressed.
And Tomasi rejoiced over the opening of a way "to create a mentality that leads, finally, to the awareness that the security of a country and of all countries does not lie in the fact of having the atomic bomb but that no country has it."
To the powers that disputed this Treaty as inapplicable, Monsignor Tomasi noted that nuclear dissuasion is no longer acceptable: we must take note that this mutual menace of death is not the way that the human family must use; the route to use is that of collaboration and the search for a permanent dialogue through effective international structures. Security is guaranteed by dialogue and not by force."
The text will be open for ratification on September 20 and will come into force if signed by 50 countries.

June 2017

The People's Oath: (We come from all corners of the world and all corners of our country.

We are strong. We are bold. We are persistent.

We are powerful as citizens and we are united.

We believe that diversity makes us stronger.

We believe in justice and equality for all and the transformative power of love.

We vow to stand against hatred in any form and we vow to act with compassion.

We vow to defend each other and fight for freedom, dignity and opportunity for all people.

I so solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the duties of a citizen of the United States

and to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend all the people of the United States,

with concern for all the people of the world, and the whole planet--our common home.

April 2017 The American Friends Service Committee is reminding us about Gaza: www.gazaunlocked.org,

From J Street 2 AMOS OZ: The First Cup We were not born to be a people of masters. "To be a free people" - this wish must awaken an echo in our hearts so long as we have not lost our humanity. We are condemned now to rule people who do not want to be ruled by us. Condemned, not merry and euphoric. The shorter the occupation lasts, the better for us, because an occupation is inevitably a corrupting occupation, and even a liberal and human occupation is an occupation. I have fears about the kind of seeds we will sow in the near future in the hearts of the occupied. Even more, I have fears about the seeds that will be implanted in the hearts of the occupiers. Davar, August 22, 1967

Photo: Elli Atchison

Many people on all sides of the Palestinian/Israeli conflict feel as though they are in an endless period of waiting for a peace. Sometimes, it seems there is no end in sight. Often, children are the ones who experience the greatest burdens of conflict. Deborah Ellis, Canadian activist and author, compiled a book of interviews with Israeli and Palestinian children titled, Three Wishes: Palestinian and Israeli Children Speak. It showcases the emotions of fear, confusion, anger, and hope felt by children on all sides of the conflict, as they long for an end. Gul, an Israeli boy, states, "All I know about this war is that it's about this country, this land. The Palestinians want it, and we want it, so we're fighting over it. I don't know how it will end, or if it ever will." Maryam, a Palestinian girl, expresses a similar longing for an end to the conflict, "I have only one wish. I would like to go to heaven. Maybe in heaven there is happiness, after we die. Maybe then."

36th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus:

"All this is from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and has given us the ministry of reconciliation. (2 Cor 5.18)

Hope itself seems threatened; in place of hope we find fear and anger. . . we insistently ask for the grace to know how we can share in the great ministry of reconciliation. . .choosing the path of consolation that fortifies our faith, hope, and love. . . this disposition to attend to the Spirit in our relationships must include those with whom we work. Often they teach us this openness to the Spirit."

https://paradigmsshifting.org/ Sr. Louise Akers promotes peace, justice, and the integrity of creation.

March 2017

Cardinal Turkson said the Vatican hoped that positions by China, which is investing heavily in the export of clean energy products such as solar panels and wind turbines, "would provoke a re-consideration of the positions of some countries, in this case the United States."

The Vatican was also "very worried" that the U.S. budget, released on March 16, increased military spending at the expense of environmental protection, diplomacy and foreign aid, he added.

Nuclear Age Peace Foundation:

"This may be the most dangerous time in human history.

In a dramatic recent decision, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has moved its iconic Doomsday Clock ahead from three minutes to only two-and-a-half minutes to midnight.

Humankind faces two existential challenges of global and potentially apocalyptic scope: nuclear weapons and climate change. Our focus here is on nuclear dangers, but we strongly encourage you, Presidents Trump and Putin, to undertake in a spirit of urgency all necessary steps to avert further global warming.

As the leaders of the United States and Russia, the two countries with the largest nuclear arsenals, you have the grave responsibility of assuring that nuclear weapons are not used - or their use overtly threatened - during your period of leadership.

The most certain and reliable way to fulfill this responsibility is to negotiate with each other, and the other governments of nuclear-armed states, for their total elimination.

The U.S. and Russia are both obligated under Article VI of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to engage in such negotiations in good faith for an end to the nuclear arms race and for complete nuclear disarmament. Your success in this endeavor would make you heroes of the Nuclear Age.

Initiating a nuclear war, any nuclear war, would be an act of insanity. Between nuclear weapons states, it would lead to the destruction of the attacking nation as well as the nation attacked. Between the U.S. and Russia, it would also destroy civilization and threaten the survival of humanity.

There are still nearly 15,000 nuclear weapons in the world, of which the United States and Russia each possess some 7,000. Approximately 1,000 of these weapons in each country remain on hair-trigger alert - a catastrophe waiting to happen that could be prevented with the stroke of a pen.

If nuclear weapons are not used intentionally, they could be used inadvertently by accident or miscalculation. Nuclear weapons and human fallibility are an explosive combination, which could at any moment bring dire consequences to the U.S., Russia and the rest of humanity. The world would be far safer by negotiating an end to policies of nuclear first-use, hair-trigger alert and launch-on-warning. Further, negotiations need to be commenced on the phased, verifiable and irreversible elimination of nuclear weapons.

Nuclear deterrence presupposes an unrealistic view of human behavior if projected over time. It depends on the willingness and ability of political leaders to act with total rationality in the most extreme circumstances of stress and provocation. It provides no guarantees of sustained security or physical protection. It could fail, spectacularly and tragically, at any moment.

Nuclear weapons can be stolen, used by terrorists, be used when one is losing a war. be used in a moment of anger or fear or through a psychological deficiency. Most people don't seem to realize that nuclear weapons are different in nature partly because of the radiation released which can float around the world back to the nation that originated disaster.

The further development and modernization of nuclear weapons by the U.S., Russia and others, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons to other countries, would make for an even more dangerous world. It is important for the sake of regional peace and the avoidance of future nuclear confrontations to uphold the international agreement that places appropriate limitations on Iran's nuclear program, an agreement that has the support of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council plus Germany.

Your nuclear arsenals give each of you the power to end civilization. You also have the historic opportunity, should you choose, to become the leaders of the most momentous international collaboration of all time, dedicated to ending the nuclear weapons era over the course of a decade or so. This great goal of Nuclear Zero can be achieved by negotiating, as a matter of priority, a treaty to ban and eliminate nuclear weapons.

We, the undersigned, implore you to commence negotiations to reduce the dangers of a nuclear war, by mistake or malice, and immediately commit your respective governments to the realizable objective of a nuclear weapons-free world. It would be the greatest possible gift to the whole of humanity and to all future generations, as well as of enduring benefit to the national and human security of Russia and the United States."

David Krieger is president of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Richard Falk is professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University. Noam Chomsky is professor emeritus at MIT. Jody Williams is the chair of the Nobel Women's Initiative and is a Nobel Peace Laureate. Daniel Ellsberg is a former Pentagon consultant and a well respected author. Medea Benjamin is co-founder of social justice movement CODEPINK. Mairead Maguire is co-founder of Peace People in Northern Ireland and is a Nobel Peace Laureate.


Summary of Vision of Hope Fr. Ben and friends February 2017

https://globalsolutions.org/blog/2016/11/Vision-Hope#.WJyrU28rLct

February 2017 Pope Francis says we should fashion an economy without scores of victims rather than only giving them money after they become victims.

https://www.ewtnnews.com/catholic-news/Vatican?id=14993#.WJhhIc2Bm9g.mailto

February 2017 Christopher Hale. Catholics for the Common Good. "Pope Francis says that politics can also be one of the highest forms of love because it's in service of the common good."

https://www.americamagazine.org/content/all-things/catholic-millennial-21-questions-christopher-j-hale

January 2017 In 2016 the Earth's temperature rose for the third year in a row. New York Times 1/19/17 A8 "When the heat buildup in the ocean is taken into account, global temperatures are rising relentlessly. Scientists have calculated that the heat accumulating throughout the Earth because of human emissions is roughly equal to the energy that would be released by 400,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs exploding across the planet every day."

January 2017 Former Secretary of Defense tries to make citizens aware of what a nuclear war would mean: https://www.wjperryproject.org/

January 2017 What are the risks of even a limited nuclear war?

The best resource outlining these studies is the report "Nuclear Famine: Two Billion People at Risk?" from Physicians for Social Responsibility: Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

https://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/two-billion-at-risk.pdf

 

"Which is the greater threat: nuclear weapons or climate change? Each of these threats has the potential to destroy civilization and render the Earth largely uninhabitable by human beings. They are also intertwined: Some advocate for more nuclear power to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but increasing the number of nuclear reactors, and the amount of enriched uranium and plutonium required for their operation, would also increase the risk of spreading nuclear weapons. Likewise, if we don't reduce emissions, some natural resources, like fresh water, could become more scarce, leading to conflicts that might spiral into war and the possible use of nuclear weapons.

We can't afford to address one threat without addressing the other. And in fact, the international cooperation required to reduce and prohibit nuclear weapons would likely also lead to cooperation to save us from deadly climate disruption. At the end of the day, trying to answer the question is like standing around in a burning house arguing about whether it is better to die of smoke inhalation or from a falling timber.

What can ordinary people do to meet the challenges that the Doomsday Clock is warning about? First, get smart about the problems. Nuclear weapons and climate change may seem to be outside our daily experience and beyond our control, but we all have a stake in avoiding untimely death. We want to live our lives free from destruction by nuclear weapons and from the growing scarcity of natural resources brought about by a warming planet. These interests in survival should motivate us to learn as much as we can about the powerful technologies that could destroy our way of life.

Second, share what you've learned with others-in your family, workplace, church, school, or social media feeds. The more we talk to each other about what matters most-surviving and flourishing-the more confidence we'll have about expressing our interests.

Third, tell your government representatives that you don't want even more of your tax money spent on nuclear weapons or on subsidizing carbon dioxide-producing fossil fuel technologies. Write letters, tell them at town hall meetings, email their offices, and let them know that your security depends on getting rid of nuclear weapons and on finding ways to keep our planet habitable for humanity." Bulletin of Atomic Scientists https://thebulletin.org/ 

December 2016: Interview with Senator Bernie Sanders: During the primary campaign, somebody -- I think it was the Shorenstein school of media at Harvard, just over there. They studied the kind of coverage, and they said that something like 90 percent of media coverage during the primary -- and I don't think they got any better during the general -- was all on this kind of stuff, gossip; 10 percent on issues.

December 2016 Statement of Principles Regarding the Suitability of Nominees for Senate-Confirmed Positions

As President-elect Trump undertakes the process of selecting his cabinet members and other high-ranking administration officials, it is imperative that nominees support the U.S. Constitution, embody American ideals of inclusion and respect for all individuals, uphold our democratic processes and institutions, and respect our nation's human rights obligations. While each of the undersigned organizations has additional priorities and will respond to the incoming administration accordingly, we all believe that potential cabinet members and senior administration appointees should adhere to the following principles: Adherence to the U.S. Constitution Nominees for Senate-confirmed positions who support taking actions or enacting policies that are objectively unconstitutional, and especially provisions designed to undermine individual liberties and equal protection under the law, should be deemed unsuitable for those positions by the Senate. An example of such an action would be implementing a ban on people of a specific faith entering the country or advocating policies that violate the civil rights or liberties of any particular group of people.

Adherence to the Rule of Law and Human Rights Obligations Nominees for Senate-confirmed positions who support taking actions or enacting policies that would violate U.S. laws or international conventions protecting human rights to which the United States is a signatory should be deemed unsuitable for those positions by the Senate. A willingness or desire to order the use of torture would fall into this category. The same standard for unsuitability would also apply to any nominee who has previously been involved in authorizing or implementing human rights or civil liberties violations.

Alliance for Citizenship

Amnesty International USA

Brooklyn for Peace

Center for Gender and Refugee Studies

Center for Victims of Torture

Church World Service

Human Rights First

Human Rights Initiative of North Texas

Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service

National Council of Jewish Women

National Religious Campaign Against Torture

North Carolina Stop Torture Now

Peace Action

Peace Action Bay Ridge

Presbyterian Church (USA)

The Advocates for Human Rights

USC International Human Rights Clinic UUSC:

Unitarian Universalist Service Committee Voices for Progress

Win Without War

Women's Action for New Directions

 

Latest light graced story: https://www.xavier.edu/green/2016.cfm

September 2016 :https://yeson62.com/ We can't subtract violence by adding violence.
2014: Rabbi Michael Lerner; Salon: "My heart is broken as I witness the suffering of the Palestinian people and the seeming indifference of Israelis. Tonight (August 4) and tomorrow (August 5), which mark

Israeli behavior toward Palestinians is destroying Judaism and creating a new kind of hatred of Jews by people who never before had any issue with Jews. Credit: Creative Commons/Jordi Bernabeu Farrús

Tisha B'av, the Jewish commemoration of disasters that happened to us through Jewish history, I'm going to be fasting and mourning also for a Judaism being murdered by Israel. No matter who gets blamed for the breakdowns in the cease-fire or for "starting" this latest iteration of a struggle that is at least 140 years old, one of the primary victims of the war between Israel and Hamas is the compassionate and love-oriented Judaism that has held together for several thousand years. Even as Israel withdraws its troops from Gaza, leaving behind immense devastation, over 1,800 dead Gazans, and over four thousand wounded, without adequate medical supplies because of Israel's continuing blockade, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu refuses to negotiate a cease-fire. He is fearful that he would be seen as "weak" if Israel gave way to Gazans' demand for an end to the blockade and the freedom of thousands of Palestinian prisoners kidnapped and held in Israeli jails in violation of their human rights.

https://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/headlines/37157529

Solar power 'key to peace' in Rio favela

Why Belgian entrepreneur Pol Dhuyvetter is helping a Rio favela to produce all its own power using solar panels.
Community based economic development, through nonviolent organizing as a pillar for peace.

A favela is a poor neighborhood in Brazil, in an urban area. It is a slum, a shanty town. A "Rio" is a river. So, Rio Babilonia Favela in the video is the poor Brazilian urban neighborhood of Babylonia (Babilon, perhaps down) by the river, in Rio de Janeiro.

In this hopeful video (link above) a Belgian entrepreneur, Pol Dhuvetter, is describing a solar-cooperative renewable-energy development organizing-project, to respond to high and rising costs of electricity to neighborhood residents (46 % higher than the global average).

He critiques the abuse by more wealthy people, including foreigners, in their using and abusing poor Brazilians. Instead his and others' alternative solidarity demonstrates that sustainable development through cooperatives is not only possible -- but is a peacemaking activity. It addresses one of the root causes of violence, social exclusion, particularly for people of color. Social and economic development is a needed and possible condition for peace -- "one of the pillars for a peaceful society."

Aug. 22 is the birthday of Anna Baltzer Public speaker annainthemiddleeast.com

Anna Baltzer is a Jewish-American public speaker, author and activist for Palestinian human rights. Wikipedia A loving person who has spoken in Cincinnati. She distinguishes between being Jewish as she is; evaluating the policies of Israel, a nation state like the U.S.; and being a responsible citizen. Critiquing the policies of Israel is no more anti-Israel or anti-Jewish than critiquing the policies of the U.S. is anti-American. born: 1979, Berkeley, CA Education: Columbia University Books: Witness in Palestine

July 14 is the feast of St. Kateri Tekakwitha, patron of the environment. "Developing the created world in a prudent way is the best way of caring for it." Laudato Si No. 124.

June: From a Global Security System: An Alternative to War of WorldBeyondWar.org

5.1.3 "Planetary Citizenship: One People, One Planet, One Peace Humans constitute a single species, Homo sapiens. While we have developed a marvelous diversity of ethnic, religious, economic, and political systems which enrich our common life, we are in fact one people living on a very fragile planet. The biosphere which supports our lives and our civilizations is extremely thin, like the skin of an apple. Within it is everything we all need to stay alive and well. We all share in one atmosphere, one great ocean, one global climate, one single source of fresh water endlessly cycled around the earth, one great biodiversity. These constitute the biophysical commons on which civilization rests. It is gravely threatened by our industrial way of life, and our common task is to preserve it from destruction if we wish to live on. Today the single most important responsibility of national governments and governing agreements at the international level is the protection of the commons. We need to think first of the health of the global commons and only second in terms of national interest, for the latter is now totally dependent on the former. A perfect storm of global environmental disasters is already underway including unprecedented rates of extinction, a depletion of global fisheries, an unprecedented soil erosion crisis, massive deforestation, and accelerating and making these worse, a climate disaster in the making. We face a planetary emergency."

Muhammad Ali The Nation July 4-11, 2016, p. 11

"I'm a world man. My fellow man is not just an American and my race is the human race. I'm shook up when I see a child that is going hungry or a mother who is without medical attention. These are the things I'm interested in. And of course peace. Peace for all men and all nations at all times."

President Obama, Hiroshima, May 27, 2016

"The very spark that marks us as a species, our thoughts, our imagination, our language, our tool-making, our ability to set ourselves apart from nature and bend it to our will-those very things also give us the capacity for unmatched destruction.

How often does material advancement or social innovation blind us to this truth? How easily we learn to justify violence in the name of some higher cause.

Technological progress without an equivalent progress in human institutions can doom us. The scientific revolution that led to the splitting of an atom requires a moral revolution as well. . .

We have a shared responsibility to look directly into the eye of history and ask what we must do differently to curb such suffering again.

The memory of the morning of Aug. 6, 1945 must never fade. That memory allows us to fight complacency. It fuels our moral imagination. It allows us to change.

Since that fateful day we have made choices that give us hope. The United States and Japan have forged not only an alliance but a friendship that has won far more for our people than we could ever claim through war. The nations of Europe built a union that replaced battlefields with bonds of commerce and democracy. Oppressed people and nations won liberation. An international community established institutions and treaties that work to avoid war and aspire to restrict and roll back and ultimately eliminate the existence of nuclear weapons. . . We must have the courage to escape the logic of fear and pursue a world without them.

. . . We must see around the world today how even the crudest rifles and barrel bombs can serve up violence on a terrible scale. We must change our mind-set about war itself. . To see our growing interdependence as a cause for peaceful cooperation and not violent competition. . above all, we must reimagine our connection to one another as members of one human race.

My own nation's story began with simple words. All men are created equal and endowed by our Creator with certain unalienable rights including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Realizing that ideal has never been easy, even within our own borders, even among our own citizens. But staying true to that story is worth the effort. It is an ideal to be strived for, an ideal that extends across continents and across oceans. The irreducible worth of every person, the insistence that every life is precious, the radical and necessary notion that we are part of a single human family-that is the story we must tell. . that is a future we can choose, a future in which Hiroshima and Nagasaki are known not as the dawn of atomic warfare but as the start of our own moral awakening."

https://tanenbaum.org/blog/2016/03/to-brussels-killers-you-do-not-win/ Combating extremism in a non-violent way.

https://tanenbaum.org/combat-extremism/ Named after Rabbi Tannenbaum, 13 Religious groups.

Promotio Justitiae: Jesuit document on Faith and the World Economy

https://www.sjweb.info/documents/sjs/pj/docs_pdf/PJ_121_ENG.pdf

Employment or working in a worker-owned cooperative is a human right.

I like a hymn from the Divine Office for Holy Week. "This I ask: that you love each other as I have loved you. I look on you as friends, as friends; Don't be distressed; let your hearts be free, for I leave with you my peace, my word. If you really love me, be glad, have hope, for I leave with you my Spirit to guide you; When the end is near I still am with you, for I will never leave you alone."

On Sunday February 21, 2016 Pope Francis shared the following powerful words:

"Dear Brothers and Sisters,

The international conference "For a world without the death penalty," promoted by the Community of Sant'Egidio will take place in Rome tomorrow. I hope this symposium gives a renewed strength to efforts to abolish capital punishment. A sign of hope is the development of a growing opposition to the death penalty in public opinion, even as a social instrument of legitimate defense. Today modern societies have the opportunity to fight crime effectively without permanently removing the chance of redemption from those who have committed crimes. This issue has to be considered within the perspective of a penal justice which is more and more in compliance with human dignity and God's plan for humanity and society. The commandment "You shall not kill," has absolute value and applies to both the innocent and the guilty.

The special Jubilee of Mercy is a propitious occasion to promote, throughout the world, ever more mature forms of respect for life and the dignity of every person. Even a criminal maintains an inviolable right to life, which is a gift of God. I appeal to the consciences of those who govern to reach an international consensus to abolish the death penalty. And I propose, to those among them who are Catholic, to make a courageous and exemplary gesture by seeking a moratorium on executions during this Holy Year of Mercy.

All Christians and people of good will are called today to work not only for the abolition of the death penalty, but also to improve the conditions of life in prison, in respect of human dignity of persons deprived of liberty."

 

"This is an attack not just on Paris, it's an attack not just on the people of France, but this is an attack on all of humanity and the universal values that we share." President Barack Obama.

Giving our thoughts and prayers to all those affected immediately by the terrorism in Paris, Beirut, Mali, we can react with positive love for a new human family. Deb Reich in No More Enemies points out that trees can inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen to give us life. We have the ability to inhale negative experiences and then breathe out love, the ultimate power that sustains the world. Green plants have evolved to transmute water and sunlight and soil nutrients into energy for the food chain.

I think humanity is evolving into an ever-greater capacity to experience hatred, fear, abuse, suffering and transmute those experiences inwardly into loving energy to give back to the world. This spiritual food chain can sustain our existence.

I think one of the best articulations the human family has made of universal values has been the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which we can promote and make more effective.

We need to ask who the terrorists are and why they resort to violence. War, drone attacks, poverty, hunger also kill. A peace with justice could lessen acts of terrorism.

If we want to put order into our world, we need to transform the United Nations, transform our values into striving for a loving and inclusive world that realizes we are one human family.

The Catholic Worker Jan-Feb. 2016 Kathy Kelly describes a US bombing on Medecins Sans Frontieres hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan. "The attack killed thirty-one people and the US is refusing to allow an independent investigation." "Killing suspects, anywhere, at whatever distance from any battlefield,and surrounded by however many innocent civilians, is a hallmark of the United States' drone assassination campaign." "When the US government chooses to wage war, high principles are cited. . But the US doesn't acknowledge that innocent men, women and children will be killed, maimed, traumatized and displaced."

Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. "Even a relatively small nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan, with each country using 50 Hiroshima-size nuclear weapons on the other side's cities, could result in a nuclear famine killing some two billion of the most vulnerable people on the planet. A nuclear war between the U.S. and Russia could destroy civilization in a single afternoon and send temperatures on Earth plummeting into a new ice age. Such a war could destroy most complex life on the planet. Despite the gravity of such threats, they are being ignored, which is morally reprehensible and politically irresponsible."

www.wagingpeace.org/sunflower-newsletter-february-2016

AVAAZ.org A way to respond to terrorism, violence. (Let's also work together to create the structures which will make our world more democratic, just, peaceful, and sustainable)

"We citizens of the world have grown wiser. We see the game to drive us apart. To use horror to make us turn away from each other in fear, and turn on each other in a spiral of brutality.

And we resolve, today, that every act of hate and cynical manipulation will only bring us closer together. We, Muslims and Non-Muslims from every nation of the world, resolve to love each other more fiercely than ever before, to listen more deeply to each other than ever before, and to let the pain of each fresh atrocity committed in the names of our faiths or nations or cultures be the birth pangs of the more united, more loving world we are determined to create.

We will build that world, because the truth is on our side. The truth that we are all one people, one tribe. Our fates are bound together, and together we will rise, undivided."

July, 2015, hundredth anniversary of World War I, Angelus St. Peter's Square, Pope Francis: "Never war! Never war! I think most of all about children, whose hopes for a dignified life, a future, are dashed, dead children, wounded children, mutilated children, orphans, children who have the leftovers of war for toys, children who don't know how to smile. Stop it, please! I beg you with all my heart! It's time to stop!"

"As my predecessor Joseph A. O'Hare, S.J., wrote in this column shortly after the release of the commission's report in 1983,'the fever of war poisons our imaginations, inflates our assumptions and distorts our vision. Hindsight should not make us feel superior to those who went before us. It should, though, give us a few sobering second thoughts about our present imaginations, assumptions and visions.'" Matt Malone, S.J. America. Dec. 7-15 2015

We can't have elections determined by the unequal distribution of income and money.

"As promised here are links to two of the videos I personally have found to be eye opening hidden injustices caused by the current construct of campaign finance in America." Michael McGrath Xavier student.

https://www.ted.com/talks/lawrence_lessig_we_the_people_and_the_republic_we_must_reclaim

https://www.ted.com/talks/lawrence_lessig_the_unstoppable_walk_to_political_reform?language=en

"Over the last several years, Veterans For Peace chapters have taken the lead in celebrating Armistice Day on November 11. We are reclaiming the original intention of that day - a worldwide call for peace that was spurred by universal revulsion at the huge slaughter of World War One. In Canada and the United Kingdom, this day is known as Remembrance Day.

After World War II, the U.S. Congress decided to re-brand November 11 as Veterans Day. Who could speak against that? But honoring the warrior quickly morphed into honoring the military and glorifying war. Armistice Day was flipped from a day for peace into a day for displays of militarism.

This November 11, it is as urgent as ever to ring the bells for peace. Many Veterans For Peace chapters ring bells, and ask local churches to do the same, at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as was done at the end of World War One.

Visit the Armistice Day page for ways to get involved.

There are so many reasons we must press our government
to end reckless military interventions
that endanger the entire world.

In Syria, the U.S. has armed and supported rebelswho share its goal of overthrowing the Assad government. U.S. intervention in Syria has been a major factor in the ongoing tragedy that has made refugees of half of all Syrians, and has done irreparable destruction to the nation of Syria. The U.S. government and military must end its support of the rebels and abandon its efforts at regime change. It must join in sincere diplomatic efforts with the Syrian government and Syrian opposition forces, along with Russia, Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. All sides know that the solution to the Syrian war is political, not military. It is time to stop the bloodshed and the exodus of refugees, and to start talks that respect the self-determination of the Syrian people.

In Afghanistan, the deliberate U.S. bombing of a Doctors Without Borders hospitalwas followed by a weak apology from President Obama, and his announcement that he would break his promise to end that war, and keep thousands of U.S. troops in Afghanistan beyond his presidency. Fourteen years of deliberate and reckless killing of thousands of Afghanistan civilians has not brought Afghanistan peace or stability.

All U.S. troops, planes, drones, contractors and NATO allies must leave Afghanistan. Let the Afghan people find their own peace and determine their own future.

Don't Tempt Nuclear War - End the U.S./NATO Confrontation with Russia. With Russia and the U.S. bombing different rebel targets in Syria, and with the U.S. and NATO pressing Russia on its very borders, the threat of yet another World War looms. The U.S. and Russia have thousands of nuclear weapons pointed at one another, with the capacity to kill many millions of people in each country. Nuclear war between Russia and the United States, which was miraculously avoided during the tense standoff of the Cold War, has re-emerged as an all too real possibility.

In Ukraine, the U.S. poured in many millions of dollars to stir up opposition to the elected (if corrupt) government, even supporting fascist gangs who led a violent coup that brought a rightwing, western-friendly government to power. Russian speaking Ukrainians in the east were immediately targeted by fascist elements who took control of Ukrainian military and security forces. The Russian speaking minority felt it necessary to organize armed self-defense. Russia facilitated a plebiscite in the Ukrainian province of Crimea, where Russia's Black Sea naval fleet is based, leading to an overwhelming vote to rejoin the Russian federation.

U.S. and NATO forces must pull back from Russia's borders. U.S. and NATO forces are stationed in Poland and the Baltic nations, encircling Russia on its own borders. A coordinated international media campaign portrays Russian President Putin as the aggressor, while NATO carries out threatening war games and the U.S. beefs up its first strike nuclear capacity in Europe.

NATO, originally organized to confront the Warsaw Pact forces of the Soviet Union, should be dismantled, instead of being used to intimidate Russia and morphing into an international intervention force serving the aims of those who believe in U.S. and Western global hegemony.

The U.S. should pull back from its so-called "Pivot to Asia," where 60% of U.S. naval forces will be deployed, and where the U.S. is building regional military alliances to confront China. In so doing, the U.S. has pressured the Japanese government to abandon its constitutional pledge not to deploy their military outside Japan's borders, forced the South Korean government - against the will of its people - to build a naval base on Jeju Island, and continues to ignore the pleas of the Okinawan people to return a sense of sanity to their island by removing omnipresent military the U.S.

The United States, Russia and all nuclear powers must begin living up to their obligations under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), which requires them to negotiate in good faith to reduce and eventually eliminate all nuclear weapons. The Marshall Islands is suing the U.S. and all nuclear powers because they are doing just the opposite. The U.S. government recently announced a thirty year program, estimated to cost One Trillion Dollars, to "modernize" its nuclear arsenal. In other words, the U.S. is building new generations of nuclear bombs and missiles. This cannot stand.

U.S. drone wars in Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia and beyond must end.

The U.S. must begin dismantling its 900 military bases around the world.

War Abroad Mirrors Racism and Violence at Home. The militarization of U.S. foreign policy and use of violence and war around the world is mirrored here at home by racist police killings, and the militarization of law enforcement and schools, where military recruiters often have total access to students. Racism and xenophobia are used to dehumanize Muslims and others in order to justify killing them in war in their own countries. We in Veterans For Peace realize this is the same hatred used here at home to justify killing black, brown, and poor people. It is the same fearmongering used to criminalize honest, hard-working people and tear immigrant families apart through deportation.

This Armistice Day Veterans For Peace calls for justice and peace at home and abroad. We call for the end to racist policies, and for equality for all people.

Stop the War on Mother Earth. Veterans For Peace also sees the links between war and the destruction of the natural environment upon which all living creatures depend. Stubborn reliance on fossil fuels, and wars for control of them, are primary causes of the perilous climate change into which the world is descending. The ongoing nuclear meltdown in Fukushima, Japan reminds us that nuclear power is neither green nor safe. Shortsighted energy policies threaten to make entire regions of the planet uninhabitable, turning millions of people into climate refugees. New and dangerous wars for water, land and other precious resources are almost certain to follow.

Between nuclear war and climate disaster, we are facing the possibility of Hell on Earth, UNLESS we create a united worldwide movement for peace, justice, equality and sustainability.

For all of these reasons, stand with Veterans For Peace on Armistice Day, November 11, 2015"

Words for Sept. 20, 2015 at a Mass at Bellarmine Chapel celebrating my 90th birthday.

Good morning. Thanks for being here as we give thanks to God together.

You may have heard a rumor that in a small way I'm still working for peace. The first reading for today reminds us that we who work for peace may receive resistance, misunderstanding, even more.

The second reading suggests that peace is integral and comprehensive. We need to share and listen compassionately to all.

In the gospel Jesus calls us to be servant leaders for peace, justice, and care for creation, our common home.

I do believe that we can trace the basic outline of a peace of Christ which I try to do on this web-page. I think Jesus wants us to form a global and local ethic such as "do unto others as you would have others do unto you." Jesus wants us to affirm basic human rights; pursue the various forms of non-violence; work toward an inclusive economy, strive to establish a democratic world order that will outlaw war, poverty, and oppression. There's also the little way of love in our daily lives of St. Therese and Dorothy Day. Let's go toward our vision together and with Jesus.

On this day 69 years ago, I was in the Philippine Islands in the 86th Infantry Division of the US Army. God's grace has brought me to this moment. Too many to name now have helped me on my journey. I think we underestimate how much we need one another. Thanks to all of you and each of you.

Thanks for all that has been. I hope for all that can be. God bless all of us. The Peace of Christ.

A different way to look at our world is presented in a readable way by Deb Reich in No More Enemies. She invites us to change enemies into partners by envisioning alternatives. Trees take in carbon dioxide and emit oxygen. We can be inundated by the violence in our world and give out love which unites us. https://globalsolutions.org/books/No-More-Enemies#.WJi1BlMrK70

Alternative sources of information:

https://fcnl.org

commondreams.org, truthout.org, informationclearinghouse.info www.foodandwaterwatch.org

community-wealth.org

www.rachelcorriefoundation.org

2015 Pope Francis' encyclical on care of the earth has come out. Learn more about the Catholic Climate Covenant and take the St. Francis Pledge: www.catholicclimatecovenant.org

UN: 2014 saw record number of world refugees

In 2014 a record 59.5 million people were refugees, asylum seekers or displaced due to conflict, violence or war, says an annual global trends report by the United Nations refugee agency. That total figure is up 16% from 2013 and 59% from 2004, says the report, which was released in advance of World Refugee Day on Saturday. The Guardian (London) (6/18), The New York Times (tiered subscription model) (6/18), Voice of America (6/18), Voice of America

The Pope decried "debates about the way to kill, as if there were a way to 'do it well.'"

"There is no human way of killing another person," Pope Francis declared.

"North Korea has been roundly condemned for its nuclear tests, including this one. To put this in perspective, however, the US has conducted more than 1,000 nuclear tests, continues to conduct subcritical nuclear tests, has not ratified the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, is in breach of its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, regularly tests nuclear-capable missiles, and plans to spend $1 trillion modernizing its nuclear arsenal. The US and the other eight nuclear-armed countries are quick to point fingers at North Korea, but slow to recognize their own role in fanning the flames of nuclear catastrophe." Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. David Krieger.

Jewish Voice for Peace has been winning as you can read on their web-site www.jvp.org or in their newsletter. They also had a successful workshop on Islamophobia.

Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet: Consensus of scientific community. Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals1 show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are very likely due to human activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position. The following is a partial list of these organizations, along with links to their published statements and a selection of related resources.

https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/

Romero, 35 Years After Murder

Thirty-five years ago, Archbishop óscar Romero was murdered by members of a U.S.-backed death squad while delivering mass in San Salvador, El Salvador. On Saturday, over 300,000 people gathered in the same city to see him beatified, bringing him a step closer to sainthood in the Catholic Church. The recognition has long been opposed by right-wing clerics and politicians. During the ceremony, eight deacons carried Romero's blood-stained shirt to the altar in a glass case. Archbishop Romero was shot through the heart while delivering mass at a hospital chapel on March 24, 1980. He was reportedly assassinated on the orders of U.S.-backed death squad leader Roberto D?Aubuisson, a graduate of the U.S.-run School of the Americas who went on to form the right-wing ARENA party. We go to San Salvador to speak with Roberto Lovato, a writer and a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley?s Center for Latino Policy Research.

Transcript

This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form.

AARON MATe: Thirty-five years ago, Archbishop óscar Romero was murdered by members of a U.S.-backed death squad while delivering mass in San Salvador, El Salvador. On Saturday, over 300,000 people gathered in the same city to see him beatified. The recognition has long been opposed by right-wing clerics and politicians. During the ceremony, eight deacons carried Romero?s blood-stained shirt to the altar in a glass case. An envoy of Pope Francis lead the event in honor of a man known as a "voice for the voiceless."

JESúS DELGADO: [translated] We authorize that the venerable servant of God, óscar Arnulfo Romero Galdámez, bishop and martyr, pastor, according to the heart of Christ, evangelizer and father to the poor, heroic witness of the reign of God, reign of justice, fraternity and peace, hereon shall be called beatified.

AARON MATe: President Salvador Sánchez Ceren, a former member of the left-wing rebel movement FMLN, spoke at the ceremony. The presidents of Panama and Ecuador also attended. President Obama sent a statement hailing the church's new direction under Pope Francis, writing, quote, "I am grateful to Pope Francis for his leadership in reminding us of our obligation to help those most in need, and for his decision to beatify Blessed Oscar [Arnulfo] Romero."

For decades Veterans for Peace journeyed to a place of understanding of the futility and immorality of war and now wage peace. In 2014 They ask that their voice be heard.

No More Enemies:

Women Cross Border Between North and South Korea

 

Women Cross DMZ, an international group of female peace activists led by Gloria Steinem, crossed one of the world?s most militarized borders, between North and South Korea, in order to draw attention to the need for a permanent peace treaty. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the division of the Korean peninsula. Other goals of the group were to highlight the suffering of divided families and promoting peace over war.

Mairead Maguire and Medea Benjamin, both members of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation's Advisory Council, took part in the action. Maguire, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize, said, "We are here today because we don?t believe in war. You can get to human rights when you have a normal situation and not a country at war."

?Gloria Steinem and Female Activists Cross Korean Demilitarized Zone,? The Guardian, May 24, 2015.

Signs of the Times

Jesus urged us to read the signs of the times. Here I share my own reading of current events in the light of my vision of utopia, the truth of tomorrow. As a community, as a nation, we have a collective light graced story in which God has loved us and we have taken that love to others. The United States affirms civic rights and political rights. We did free the slaves. Much later we did enact civil rights legislation. We did finally give women the right to vote. We have made some advances in fairness to workers. As a nation we do care about the environment. There is a part of the American people that is generous and open to new ideas. We still have the opportunity for non-violent change.

I think we also need to face our collective dark graced story which takes courage and spiritual freedom to admit. God is present in our dark graced story revealing to us that it is dark and helping us to move the dark graced story to the light graced story side of the ledger. You may feel that what follows below is more of the dark graced story than the light. If you have more examples of the light graced story, I welcome them as part of our dialogue. I feel as long as we do not have basic human rights for each human person in our world, we have not reached the beginning. It's not enough for me to be relatively free and secure. I can't be happy as long as there's one person who is basically unhappy and lacking in the bare necessities.

2014 Ban Ki-moon, United Nations. "Ours is the first generation that can end poverty, and the last that can take steps to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. In this 70th anniversary year in which we renew our commitment to the goals and principles of the UN charter, the international community must rise to the moment."

?Comfort and upbuild one another, as indeed you are doing. . cheer the fainthearted, support the weak, be patient toward all. See that no one returns evil to anyone; always seek one another?s good and, for that matter, the good of all. Rejoice always, never cease praying, render constant thanks. . Do not stifle the Spirit. . Test everything, retain what is good. Avoid any semblance of evil.? ( 1 Thessalonians, 5.11 ff.) Pope Francis in The Joy of the Gospel No. 2 says the feverish pursuit of frivolous pleasures and a blunted conscience suppresses ?the quiet joy of God?s love.?

 

Forging a transformative vision
"Building economic power through community ownership is the antidote to the systemic failures of our current system.
Despite its great wealth, the United States today faces enormous difficulties, with no easily discernible answers in sight. Elections occur and debates ensue, but many of the most pressing problems facing ordinary citizens are only marginally affected. For the average American, the trends have been bad for a very long time. Real wages for 80 percent of American workers have been stagnant for decades. At the same time, income for the top 1 percent has jumped from roughly 10 percent of all income to roughly 20 percent. Put another way, virtually all the gains of the entire economic system have gone to a tiny, tiny group at the top for at least three decades.
At the most superficial level, Washington?as the saying goes?is broken. The political system is simply incapable of dealing with the challenges. It focuses on deficits, not assets or answers. Long-term, unchanging trends are a clear signal that it?s not simply partisan bickering and congressional stalemate that are causing the problems. We all know that something different is going on?both with the economy and, more fundamentally, with democracy itself...."

Dr. Gar Alperovitz

Useful exercise: Take any current event you would like to address: war and violence in Syria, South Sudan, Holy Land, etc. etc. go to any other section on this web-site, World Order, Economic Democracy, etc. and judge whether each or all of them together would alleviate the situation.

Useful links: www.globalsolutions.org Democratic World Federalists www.dwfed.org

Christian Life Community www.clc-usa.org (especially Apostolic section)

U.S. Catholic Conference www.USCCB.org

I am a veteran of World War II. I served in Patton?s army in Europe, also in the Philippine Islands. I came away from my service with the conviction there has to be a better way. My many years (68 in fact) of working for Faith and Justice have convinced me we don?t have the structures for a workable world.. I hope you would agree that one of the internal structures we need to change is an over-emphasis on violence and war. As Pope John Paul II said, ?War is the most barbarous and least effective ways of solving conflict.? You?re welcome to visit the front page of this web-site and play my 15 minute Vision of Hope. Better still, read Transforming the United Nations; System, Designs for a Workable World by Dr. Joseph E. Schwartzberg. Let?s dream of a world system that works for everyone, a United Federation of Nations.

I suggest an embargo on arms shipments to the Middle East, humanitarian help, help in compassionate listening and conflict resolution. Resorting to more and more bombs keeps giving us the same results. If we want peace, we need to work for new structures and new attitudes.
I am impressed by the work of Community Friends and suggest a look at the link below

6) Memo to Jewish Americans: It?s pro-Israel to find Netanyahu embarrassing
Carlo Strenger, Ha?aretz, April 8, 2015

So, after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu thought it was acceptable to address a joint session of Congress without coordinating it with the White House, he has now engaged in a media blitz to tell the U.S. public why he thinks the deal reached by the six world powers and Iran on its nuclear program is bad and unacceptable. ?

So here is a very simple suggestion: you can feel perfectly fine finding Netanyahu an embarrassment and still be totally pro-Israel. ?

The essence of democracy is that while you are expected to respect majority decisions, this doesn?t mean you have to think they are right. It is part of the democratic ethos that you are not only allowed to criticize elected leaders, but obliged to do so if you have good reason to believe they are wrong. ?

We didn?t need Netanyahu to tell us that a nuclear Iran is not a thrilling prospect. Nobody in the Free World and Arab countries are enthusiastic about a nuclear Iran, and all of us would want this to go away. But politics is the art of the possible. As several commentators have pointed out, no deal at all would have been the worst of options, among others, because Russia and China would have walked away from the sanctions regime ? thus rendering it ineffective ? if no deal was reached. It is also no secret that Obama?s long-term objective is to end more than three decades of a cold war with Iran, in the hope that this may, in the long run, facilitate a gradual transformation of Iran?s regime. ?

But there are many other reasons to think that Netanyahu has been a bad prime minister. I speak a lot with European diplomats and politicians, and I can assure you that Obama?s dislike for Mr. Netanyahu is by no means an exception but the rule.

Most major European leaders do whatever they can to avoid him, his patronizing lecturing, and his shameless use of tragic occasions ? such as the recent terror attacks in France ? for his personal political advantage. In the last six years, he has been increasing Israel?s isolation, done nothing to alleviate the country?s widening economic inequality, and significantly contributed to a sharp increase in racist incitement not only of Jews toward Arabs, but between Jewish ethnicities in Israel.

Israel has existed before Netanyahu and it will exist after him. He does not represent the best, most humane, moral and creative aspects of Israel. ?

The Islamic State: A Long-Term Strategy
Sep 11, 2014

The United States and other international actors must look to non-military, civilian-led approaches for an effective response to the crisis that will undermine extremist groups. What began as a mission to aid trapped Yazidis on Mt. Sinjar is turning into a new U.S. war in Iraq. The world should respond to the brutality of the Islamic States (IS), but the response should be effective. Expanding airstrikes and introducing new weapons will likely fuel the conflict, not remove the threat to Iraq?s peace and stability.
The U.S. goals in Iraq have now expanded to ?ultimately destroy? IS. Yet every additional U.S. bomb helps IS recruit fighters and could potentially build support among a population that overwhelmingly opposes the atrocities they have committed.
To address the crisis in Iraq effectively, the U.S. should do the following:

In the short term:
? Congress should insist that the president seek congressional authorization before taking any further military action in adherence to H. Con. Res. 105. If a vote comes to the floor, Congress should vote to reject any new authorization for war in Iraq or Syria and call for an end to the bombing.
? Bring the bombing campaign to an immediate end. The justifications and goals of U.S. military engagement have changed from genocide prevention to rolling back the Islamic State. Such dangerous mission creep increases the prospects of protracted U.S. military intervention in Iraq.
? Support emergency humanitarian assistance efforts to displaced communities and support peaceful resistance and community protection mechanisms wherever possible.
? Stop supplying more weapons to Iraq, rebels in Syria, and countries connected to IS, which is already using U.S.-provided weapons. Further arming the Kurdish or Iraqi army will only exacerbate the violence.

In the medium term:
? Impose a regional arms embargo against all armed actors in Iraq and Syria. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Kuwait are key regional players who have provided weapons to the armed opposition, including IS, in Syria. The U.S. has provided weapons to Iraqi security forces despite widespread human rights violations, and many of those weapons have ended up in the hands of IS.
? Strengthen financial sanctions against armed actors in the region by working through the UN Security Council. For example, disrupting the Islamic State?s $3 million/day oil revenue from the underground market would go a long way toward blunting violence.

In the long term:
? Work for a political settlement to the crisis in Iraq and Syria, especially since these two conflicts are intricately connected and should be addressed holistically. Return to the Geneva peace process for a negotiated settlement to the civil war in Syria and expand the agenda to include IS? presence in Iraq. Ensure Iran?s full participation in the process.
? Address both political and economic grievances of the population ? particularly among vulnerable populations where IS is most likely to feed off the desperation of Sunni-majority and other marginalized communities. Strengthening long-term political and economic security will help to build a stable and non-sectarian society in Iraq.

 

World structures have not kept up with economic and technological progress. We need to envision new democratic structures that will make decisions that affect everyone (like global climate change, regional wars and violence, unemployment, poverty, hunger, pandemics, etc.) be made by everyone.

Each year Cuba has asked the United Nations to lift the economic embargo the United States imposes on the nation of Cuba.
?The United Nations has passed the resolution for 22 straight years with overwhelming support. Last year the vote was 188 to 2, with only the United States and Israel voting against the resolution.? Although many nations have criticized Cuba, no other nation has an economic embargo against Cuba. (See article in The Guardian)
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/cuba-us-embargo-116bn-un-report
The fact that the US stands alone shows the undemocratic nature and ineffectiveness of the UN. Sensible changes proposed by Transforming the United Nations System, Designs for a Workable World by Dr. Joseph E. Schwartzberg would be a step forward toward a more united and freer world, a United Federation of Nations, a system that works for everyone.
US intransigence also shows a lack of openness to new approaches and better ideas. If 188 nations have a different approach in a matter that adversely affects the citizens of a whole nation, isn?t it time that we rethink a policy that seems to hurt everyone including ourselves?

Peace and justice in the Holy Land includes: At this time our discussion has led to these issues: Ending the Israeli military occupation in the West Bank and removing the blockade of Gaza; compensating the original owners of the Israeli settlements, Israeli's who stay becoming Palestinian citizens; the establishment of an independent, democratic, and fully-sovereign state; and resolving the issue of the Return of Refugees to their homes from which they were expelled, or just compensation for their loss and their suffering; all in accordance with International Law.

The main role of US citizens is to demand free self-determination of all living in the Holy Land and the refugees. Immediately demolition of homes and continuing the settlements must stop. The latter is contrary to international law and the former of both international law and the moral law. True self-determination will not go forward until the demolition of homes and the increase of settlements ceases.

2013

Frances Beinecke, President, Natural Resources Defense Council:

"Fantastic news: Shell has announced that it will NOT attempt to drill in the Arctic Ocean this summer.
The oil giant?s stunning reversal came after a momentous court ruling two weeks ago. The federal court agreed with NRDC and our allies that the Bush Administration had wildly underestimated the risks of spills and other hazards when it opened the Arctic?s Chukchi Sea to oil leasing and exploration in 2008.
Simply put: the entire Arctic leasing program was based on a fiction -- as we have long claimed -- and all the leases, including Shell?s, have now been thrown into limbo.
The court victory and Shell?s retreat are huge steps forward in our campaign to close Alaska?s Polar Bear Seas -- the Beaufort and Chukchi -- to oil development and potential catastrophe.
And we have you to thank! You have stood with us every step of the way, to a tough battle against two administrations and Big Oil that has raged in and out of the courtroom for five years. We never gave up because we know just how much is at stake.
The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas are home to more than half of America?s polar bears. Their populations are already reeling from global warming. The last thing they need is a catastrophic oil spill.
This remote and rugged region is no place for drilling. In 2012, Shell?s rig had to flee from a 30-mile-long iceberg. Its emergency response equipment was ?crushed like a beer can? during tests. And its drill rig ran aground during relatively routine winter weather.
Other oil giants -- including ConocoPhilips and Statoil, the Norwegian multinational oil company -- have long since canceled or suspended their plans. Shell was the last holdout -- until this latest announcement. It?s so crucially important for the Obama Administration to slam the door shut on Arctic drilling by putting it completely off-limits to Big Oil. "

 


INCOME INEQUALITY

One of the most interesting pieces of information in the last few weeks comes from a recent study done by University of California economist Emmanuel Saez. This study, based on an analysis of American tax returns, showed that in 2010, 93 percent of all new income growth went to the top one percent of American households. Everyone else, the bottom ninety-nine percent, divided up the remaining seven percent.

In other words, the outrageous income and wealth inequality in America continues to get worse. Almost all new income is going to the wealthiest people in our country, the people who need it the least, while the middle class continues to collapse and tens of millions of Americans struggle daily just to put food on the table, fill up their gas tanks to get to work and pay for their housing. We have not seen this level of greed from the people on top in the last hundred years.

 

2011

Christmas 2011 From Pax Christi USA "For one second in time everyone has a taste of new beginnings, new possibilities, new life. It is Christmas. For a moment the Kingdom is come.

And who knows in the 60's Mama Cass belted out the promise, There's a new world coming and it's just around the bend. We believers in the Christmas message would have to agree around the bend is always a surprise; around the bend could be a child wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger, whose name is PRINCE OF PEACE. And there's only one way to find out: keep following the Star of Bethlehem.

It is this promise, this hope we call Christmas that will feed the flame within us and lighten the path for the next generation.

This reflection is from Journey of Hope and Grace: Advent 1990, by Monika Hellwig and Mary Lou Kownacki, OSB. Mary Lou Kownacki, OSB is a member of the Benedictine Sisters of Erie, PA and a Pax Christi USA Teacher of Peace.

Published on Wednesday, October 12, 2011 by Robert Reich's Blog
The Seven Biggest Economic Lies
by Robert Reich

The President's Jobs Bill doesn't have a chance in Congress and the Occupiers on Wall Street and elsewhere can't become a national movement for a more equitable society unless more Americans know the truth about the economy.

Here's a short (2 minute 30 second) effort to rebut the seven biggest whoppers now being told by those who want to take America backwards. The major points:

1. Tax cuts for the rich trickle down to everyone else. Baloney. Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush both sliced taxes on the rich and what happened? Most Americans' wages (measured by the real median wage) began flattening under Reagan and have dropped since George W. Bush. Trickle-down economics is a cruel joke. bju: (Pope Francis seems to agree with this in Joy in the Gospel)

2. Higher taxes on the rich would hurt the economy and slow job growth. False. From the end of World War II until 1981, the richest Americans faced a top marginal tax rate of 70 percent or above. Under Dwight Eisenhower it was 91 percent. Even after all deductions and credits, the top taxes on the very rich were far higher than they've been since. Yet the economy grew faster during those years than it has since. (Don't believe small businesses would be hurt by a higher marginal tax; fewer than 2 percent of small business owners are in the highest tax bracket.)

3. Shrinking government generates more jobs. Wrong again. It means fewer government workers everyone from teachers, fire fighters, police officers, and social workers at the state and local levels to safety inspectors and military personnel at the federal. And fewer government contractors, who would employ fewer private-sector workers. According to Moody's economist Mark Zandi (a campaign advisor to John McCain), the $61 billion in spending cuts proposed by the House GOP will cost the economy 700,000 jobs this year and next.

4. Cutting the budget deficit now is more important than boosting the economy. Untrue. With so many Americans out of work, budget cuts now will shrink the economy. They'll increase unemployment and reduce tax revenues. That will worsen the ratio of the debt to the total economy. The first priority must be getting jobs and growth back by boosting the economy. Only then, when jobs and growth are returning vigorously, should we turn to cutting the deficit.

5. Medicare and Medicaid are the major drivers of budget deficits. Wrong. Medicare and Medicaid spending is rising quickly, to be sure. But that's because the nation's health-care costs are rising so fast. One of the best ways of slowing these costs is to use Medicare and Medicaid's bargaining power over drug companies and hospitals to reduce costs, and to move from a fee-for-service system to a fee-for-healthy outcomes system. And since Medicare has far lower administrative costs than private health insurers, we should make Medicare available to everyone.

6. Social Security is a Ponzi scheme. Don't believe it. Social Security is solvent for the next 26 years. It could be solvent for the next century if we raised the ceiling on income subject to the Social Security payroll tax. That ceiling is now $106,800.

7. It's unfair that lower-income Americans don't pay income tax. Wrong. There's nothing unfair about it. Lower-income Americans pay out a larger share of their paychecks in payroll taxes, sales taxes, user fees, and tolls than everyone else.

Demagogues through history have known that big lies, repeated often enough, start being believed unless they're rebutted. These seven economic whoppers are just plain wrong. Make sure you know the truth and spread it on.
© 2011 Robert Reich
Robert Reich

Robert Reich is Professor of Public Policy at the University of California at Berkeley. He has served in three national administrations, most recently as secretary of labor under President Bill Clinton. He has written twelve books, including The Work of Nations, Locked in the Cabinet, and his most recent book, Supercapitalism. His "Marketplace" commentaries can be found on publicradio.com and iTunes.

The Causes and Context of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests in the United States, 1950-2010 by the John Jay College of Criminal justice. The latter were commissioned by the United States Catholic Conference, but the John Jay College is hardly the Catholic Church. To say the five-year study blames the sixties for priests pedophilia is a grossly inaccurate characterization of the report. I refer you to ?What Caused the Crisis?? By Kathleen McChesney in America June 6-15, 2011. Less than 5 percent of priests with abuse allegations exhibited behaviors consistent with pedophilia. Ibid. p. 14 Formation. .seems to have played a significant role in the likelihood of a man becoming an abuser. .abusers failed to recognize the harm they did to their victims. . . As seminaries gradually intensified the focus of formation on the human aspect of development, the number of incidents of abuse began to diminish. . .The failure of some diocesan leaders to take responsibility for the harms caused by priestly abuse was egregious in some cases. . . The study fairly notes that some bishops were innovators in dealing with the issue of abuse well before 2002 and some, the laggards, were not. . . The study found that the increase of abuse incidents during the 1960's and 1970's was consistent with the rise of other types of deviant behavior such as drug use, crime and changes in social behavior such as the increase in premarital sexual behavior and divorce. This finding may be dangerously misinterpreted by some as a cause of the abuse. While the sexual activities of clergy members with consenting adults during this time may reflect a sexually liberated society, at no time was the sexual abuse of minors legal, moral or justified. As adult followers of the Catholic faith, these offenders knew, or should have known, that their behaviors violated and injured the young.?The sexual abuse of minors is a long-term societal problem that is likely to persist, particularly in organizations that nurture and mentor adolescents. . The report's recommendations reinforce the actions undertaken by bishops and religious superiors to prevent future abuse actions that can and should be replicated in other countries and by other organizations. The suggested prevention policies focus on three areas: education, situational prevention models and oversight and accountability.

bju: I think we can agree with the John Jay College report that the sexual abuse of minors is a long-term societal problem. All faiths need to cooperate together to minimize future abuse. I would add that the world family abuses minors in many other ways as well. Children are hungry, poor, homeless, lacking in proper education, exposed to violence in video games, entertainment, a real-life war system, an exclusive global economy, a deteriorating planet.

Cecilie Surasky, Deputy Director, Jewish Voice for Peace: "By now many have heard about the Young, Jewish, and Proud members at the national gathering of Jewish federations where Bibi Netanyahu proclaimed that the movement for peace, justice and equality in Israel and Palestine, the movement to end the Israeli Occupation, is a movement to delegitimize Israel. And one by one, each of these young leaders bravely stood up in front of thousands of unbelievably hostile people and chanted the text on their banners, right in the middle of Israeli Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu's speech: "I'm Young, Jewish, and Proud and the Loyalty Oath delegitimizes Israel" I'm Young, Jewish, and Proud and the Occupation delegitimizes Israel" "I'm Young, Jewish, and Proud and the Settlements delegitimize Israel."

May: ADC Condemns Israeli Use of Deadly Force on al-Nakba Commemorators

Washington, DC | www.adc.org | May 15, 2011 ? The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee strongly condemns the use of deadly force by Israeli forces on Palestinians commemorating al-Nakba or the catastrophe. For Palestinians and others in the Middle East, May 15th marks the destruction of historic Palestine and the massive forced expulsion and displacement of Palestinians by Israeli forces in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. News reports indicate that Israeli forces opened fire on commemorators in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, as well as in the border areas including Lebanon and the Occupied Golan Heights. The use of deadly force on peaceful civilians, by any nation, must not be tolerated by the international community. Immediate action by the international community must be taken to ensure that the Israelis stop using excessive force on the demonstrators. Further, a clear message must be sent that the use of force will not be tolerated and Israel will be held accountable for its actions. According to media reports, and at the time of this release, at least nine Palestinians have been killed and dozens more injured after Israeli snipers opened fire on the peaceful demonstrators.

Al-Nakba was not a singular event. Displacement continues to this day, affecting thousands of Palestinians throughout the Middle East. There are approximately seven million Palestinian refugees and 450,000 internally displaced persons, representing 70% of the entire Palestinian population worldwide (9.8 million). Internal displacement continues, unabated, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) due to the Israeli construction of the wall, house demolitions, evictions, and land confiscation.

Similar patterns of forced displacement for Palestinians living in Israel occur as well. Urban development plans for the exclusive benefit of Jewish communities are displacing indigenous Palestinian communities in places like Naqab (Negev) and the Galilee. In 2010, the Netanyahu government approved the development of 1,600 new housing units in Occupied East Jerusalem, a policy condemned by the U.S. This development will also forcibly displace several Palestinian families from their land and homes.

ADC is committed to a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. Any peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict requires the dismantlement of the Israeli Wall (the wall was declared illegal by the International Court of Justice), the cessation and dismantlement of all settlements, an end to the collective punishment imposed on the Palestinian population as a result of Israeli occupation policies, respect for the exercise of democratic rights of Palestinians in electing their government, the creation of a viable and independent Palestinian state, and the upholding of the right of return of the Palestinian refugees under international law. ADC will continue to advocate for the rights of the Palestinian people to self-determination in an independent and fully sovereign Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital.


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NOTE TO EDITORS: The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), which is non-profit, non-sectarian and non-partisan, is the largest grassroots Arab-American civil rights and civil liberties organization in the United States. It was founded in 1980 by former Senator James Abourezk. ADC has a national network of chapters and members in all 50 states.

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Warning Against Wars Like Iraq and Afghanistan

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/26/world/26gates.html?ref=global-home

WEST POINT, N.Y. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates bluntly told an audience of West Point cadets on Friday, Feb. 25th that it would be unwise for the United States to ever fight another war like Iraq or Afghanistan, and that the chances of carrying out a change of government in that fashion again were slim.
?In my opinion, any future defense secretary who advises the president to again send a big American land army into Asia or into the Middle East or Africa should have his head examined, as General MacArthur so delicately put it, Mr. Gates told an assembly of Army cadets here.

"Although most people, if asked directly, will say that they favor the abolition of nuclear weapons, very few have any real idea of the threat which existing nuclear arsenals pose to humans and other complex forms of life. In fact, here in the U.S., most people do not even know that immense nuclear arsenals still exist, that their own nation (and Russia) have 95% of the 22,000 nuclear weapons in the world, and that they keep 2,000 strategic nuclear weapons ready to launch with only a few minutes warning. They have no idea that just one of these weapons can instantly ignite tens or hundreds of square miles of the Earth's surface into a gigantic nuclear firestorm, and that a hundred such firestorms could produce enough smoke to cause deadly climate change, leading to global nuclear famine.

"An uniformed public cannot make informed decisions. We are still conducting our political discussions about nuclear weapons in Cold War terms, focusing upon how we are "behind" if we don't "modernize" our nuclear arsenal, that we are "locked into a position of permanent inferiority" by agreements with the Russians to limit our nuclear weapons. There is absolutely no discussion of the consequences of the use of existing arsenals, particularly those maintained by the US and Russia, the dialogue is dangerously out of touch with the peer-reviewed scientific predictions that *any* nuclear conflict which detonates as little as 1% of existing nuclear arsenals in cities will likely kill at least 1 billion people through nuclear famine. We must bring current scientific understandings of what nuclear war would do to the biosphere, agriculture, ecosystems and global climate into the active debate about the need for nuclear weaponry.

"Furthermore, In a time when we cannot find enough money to maintain our schools, highways, hospitals and basic infrastructure, do we need to spend hundreds of billions of dollars to rebuild our nuclear weapons manufacturing complex and "upgrade" nuclear weapons systems? No, just the opposite, we need to stop or prevent funding for such projects, which guarantee that there will be no "world without nuclear weapons." I am going to start ending my presentations with a chart which shows what we could do with the endless billions we spend on nuclear weaponry, something like what Eisenhower did with his "Cross of Iron" speech. We have to give concrete examples of what could be immediately gained through the elimination of insane spending for nuclear doomsday machines. We can combat the idea that nuclear spending creates jobs by giving examples of what could be done to construct, for example, needed alternative energy systems (wind, solar, tidal, etc.) that can begin rebuilding our own industrial infrastructure, which has been dismantled and shipped overseas.

If we are going" to get into a race with other nations, let it be a race towards a better human future. Building nuclear weapons does just the opposite, it paves the way for mass extinction of complex forms of life, including human life."

-- Steven Starr,senior scientist with Physicians for Social Responsibility

"A democracy survives when its citizens have access to trustworthy and impartial sources of information, when it can discern lies from truth, when civic discourse is grounded in verifiable fact. And with the decimation of reporting these sources of information are disappearing. The increasing fusion of news and entertainment, the rise of a class of celebrity journalists on television who define reporting by their access to the famous and the powerful, the retreat by many readers into the ideological ghettos of the Internet and the ruthless drive by corporations to destroy the traditional news business are leaving us deaf, dumb and blind. The relentless assault on the ?liberal press? by right-wing propaganda outlets is in fact an assault on a system of information grounded in verifiable fact. And once this bedrock of civil discourse is eradicated, people will be free, as many already are, to believe whatever they want to believe, to pick and choose what facts or opinions suit their world and what do not. In this new world lies will become true." Chris Hedges Truthout 6/27/11

Although there were positive elements in the President's State of the Union like no tax cuts for the wealthy or subsidies to big oil, the risk I see in the President's approach is that I think we put too much emphasis on competition and not enough on sharing. We need to expand the notion of "We" to include the whole human family. We're all in this together. The physical, emotional, economic security of one is the security of all. We share one planet. We are one species. There is one economy, but it is not a fair, inclusive democratic economy. We need compassionate listening to the needs of all nations without favoritism and sharing what we have including power and decision-making.. See my web-site elsewhere for a fuller explanation of what I mean. George Washington said we should not favor one nation over another because we will overlook the faults of our friends, and exaggerate the faults of our supposed "enemies." We should work to make everyone equal partners with us. We should listen to the needs of our supposed enemies and move them at least to the column of nations we can work with and who will listen to us.

From Just Foreign Policy: U.S./Top News
1) Palestinians are planning a "day of rage" in response to the US veto of a UN Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements, the Guardian reports. Anti-US rallies took place in Bethlehem, Tulkarem and Jenin after the 14-1 vote on the resolution, in which the US stood alone against the rest of the Security Council, including Britain, Germany and France. The use of the veto for the first time under Obama will strengthen perceptions in the Arab world that for the US, protection of Israel overrides a just outcome for Palestinians, the Guardian says. According to the Palestinian press, Obama had suggested to President Abbas that US aid to the Palestinian Authority could be halted if the resolution went ahead. But a Palestinian official told Reuters that "people would take to the streets and topple the president" if Abbas backed down.

 

The Encyclical Love in Truth of Pope Benedict XVI in conjunction with the footnotes below indicate that the thought of the Catholic Church is toward an effective world authority.

67. "In the face of the unrelenting growth of global interdependence, there is a strongly felt need, even in the midst of a global recession, for a reform of the United Nations Organization, and likewise of economic institutions and international finance, so that the concept of the family of nations can acquire real teeth. One also senses the urgent need to find innovative ways of implementing the principle of the responsibility to protect [146] and of giving poorer nations an effective voice in shared decision-making. This seems necessary in order to arrive at a political, juridical and economic order which can increase and give direction to international cooperation for the development of all peoples in solidarity. To manage the global economy; to revive economies hit by the crisis; to avoid any deterioration of the present crisis and the greater imbalances that would result; to bring about integral and timely disarmament, food security and peace; to guarantee the protection of the environment and to regulate migration: for all this, there is urgent need of a true world political authority, as my predecessor Blessed John XXIII indicated some years ago. Such an authority would need to be regulated by law, to observe consistently the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity, to seek to establish the common good [147], and to make a commitment to securing authentic integral human development inspired by the values of charity in truth. Furthermore, such an authority would need to be universally recognized and to be vested with the effective power to ensure security for all, regard for justice, and respect for rights [148]. Obviously it would have to have the authority to ensure compliance with its decisions from all parties, and also with the coordinated measures adopted in various international forums. Without this, despite the great progress accomplished in various sectors, international law would risk being conditioned by the balance of power among the strongest nations. The integral development of peoples and international cooperation require the establishment of a greater degree of international ordering, marked by subsidiarity, for the management of globalization [149]. They also require the construction of a social order that at last conforms to the moral order, to the interconnection between moral and social spheres, and to the link between politics and the economic and civil spheres, as envisaged by the Charter of the United Nations."

* [125] Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 41: loc. cit., 843-845.
* [126] Cf. ibid.
* [127] Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Evangelium Vitae, 20: loc. cit., 422-424.
* [128] Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 85: loc. cit., 298-299.
* [129] Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1998 World Day of Peace, 3: AAS 90 (1998), 150; Address to the Members of the Vatican Foundation ?Centesimus Annus ? Pro Pontifice?, 9 May 1998, 2; Address to the Civil Authorities and Diplomatic Corps of Austria, 20 June 1998, 8; Message to the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 5 May 2000, 6.
* [130] According to Saint Thomas ?ratio partis contrariatur rationi personae?, In III Sent., d. 5, q. 3, a. 2; also ?Homo non ordinatur ad communitatem politicam secundum se totum et secundum omnia sua?, Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 21, a. 4, ad 3.
* [131] Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 1.
* [132] Cf. John Paul II, Address to the Sixth Public Session of the Pontifical Academies of Theology and of Saint Thomas Aquinas, 8 November 2001, 3.
* [133] Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on the Unicity and Salvific Universality of Jesus Christ and the Church Dominus Iesus (6 August 2000), 22: AAS 92 (2000), 763-764; Id., Doctrinal Note on some questions regarding the participation of Catholics in political life (24 November 2002), 8: AAS 96 (2004), 369-370.
* [134] Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi, 31: loc. cit., 1010; Address to the Participants in the Fourth National Congress of the Church in Italy, Verona, 19 October 2006.
* [135] John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 5: loc. cit., 798-800; Benedict XVI, Address to the Participants in the Fourth National Congress of the Church in Italy, Verona, 19 October 2006.
* [136] No. 12.
* [137] Cf. Pius XI, Encyclical Letter Quadragesimo Anno (15 May 1931): AAS 23 (1931), 203; John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 48: loc. cit., 852-854; Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1883.
* [138] Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris, loc. cit., 274.
* [139] Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 10, 41: loc. cit., 262, 277-278.
* [140] Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to Members of the International Theological Commission, 5 October 2007; Address to the Participants in the International Congress on Natural Moral Law, 12 February 2007.
* [141] Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Bishops of Thailand on their ?Ad Limina? Visit, 16 May 2008.
* [142] Cf. Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Instruction Erga Migrantes Caritas Christi (3 May 2004): AAS 96 (2004), 762-822.
* [143] John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, 8: loc. cit., 594-598.
* [144] Jubilee of Workers, Greeting after Mass, 1 May 2000.
* [145] Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 36: loc. cit., 838-840.
* [146] Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Members of the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization, New York, 18 April 2008.
* [147] Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris, loc. cit., 293; Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 441.
* [148] Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, Gaudium et Spes, 82.

From Current Events 2009 August

The US is beginning to have a more positive view of the International Criminal Court. Those wishing to be involved e-mail Outreach@globalsolutions.org

 

Media

Modern media control public opinion and thus our limited democracy. Modern media promote our culture of violence. Modern media does not represent adequately workers, the environment, sustainable farming, peace groups, most of what you find on this web-page. Modern media is owned by and controlled by corporations. Modern media influences our understanding of religion and faith.

I think we need a three-fold approach to the media. We need to critique TV, radio, and the newspapers. See also,

Below is an example of a critique of the corporate media: "Because This Is the Middle East" FAIR 20 July 2006

"On July 16, CBS Face the Nation host (and CBS Evening News anchor) Bob Schieffer dedicated the entire Sunday morning news show to the Middle East conflict. In his closing editorial, he adapted a well-known fable in an attempt to explain the causes of the current conflict--or rather, the lack of causes: "Finally today, when the war broke out in the Middle East, the first thing I thought about was the old story of the frog and the scorpion who were trying to cross a river there. The scorpion couldn't swim, the frog was lost. So the scorpion proposed a deal, 'Give me a ride on your back, and I'll show you the way.' The frog agreed, and the trip went fine until they got to the middle of the river, and then suddenly the scorpion just stung the frog. As they were sinking, the frog asked, in his dying breath, 'Why would you do that?' To which the scorpion replied, 'Because this is the Middle East.'"

"Lest there be any doubt about who is the frog and who is the scorpion in that parable, Schieffer went on to spell it out: "It is worth noting that the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip did not kidnap that Israeli soldier and provoke all of this because the Israelis were invading Gaza. No, all this happened in the wake of the Israeli withdrawal, which was what the Palestinians supposedly wanted. But this is the Middle East. Why would fundamentalists in Gaza and Lebanon choose to provoke this war at this time? There is no real answer except this is the Middle East."

"Schieffer was echoing the media's conventional wisdom in portraying the Palestinian raid that captured the Israeli soldier as an inexplicable provocation. The New York Times, in a June 29 editorial headlined "Hamas Provokes a Fight," declared that "the responsibility for this latest escalation rests squarely with Hamas," adding that "an Israeli military response was inevitable."

The media assumption is that in withdrawing from Gaza in September 2005, Israel ended its conflict with at least that portion of Palestine and gave up, as Schieffer put it, "what the Palestinians supposedly wanted." In reality, however, since the pullout and before the recent escalation of violence, at least 144 Palestinians in Gaza had been killed by Israeli forces, often by helicopter gunships, according to a list compiled by the Israeli human rights group B'tselem. Only 31 percent of the people killed were engaged in hostile actions at the time of their deaths, and 25 percent of all those killed were minors.

From the time of the pullout until the recent upsurge in violence, according to B'tselem's lists, no Israelis were killed by violence emanating from Gaza. Although during this period Palestinian militants launched some 1,000 crude Kasam missiles from Gaza into Israel, no fatalities resulted; at the same time, Israel fired 7,000 to 9,000 heavy artillery shells into Gaza. On June 9, just two weeks before the Hamas raid that killed two Israeli soldiers and captured a third, an apparent Israeli missile strike killed seven members of a Palestinian family picnicking on a Gaza beach, which prompted Hamas to end its 16-month-old informal ceasefire with Israel. (Though Israel has denied responsibility for the killings, a Human Rights Watch investigation strongly challenged the denial, calling the likelihood of Israel not being responsible "remote"; Human Rights Watch, 6/15/06.) Hamas has repeatedly pointed to the Gaza beach incident as one of the central events that prompted its cross-border raid--indeed, Schieffer's own CBS Evening News has reported that claim (CBS Evening News, 6/25/06). Even so, Schieffer seems unable to recall this recent event.

Hamas also points to the capture of some of its leaders by Israel as the provocation for its raid. If Israelis had every right, as Schieffer said, to respond with force to the capture of one soldier by Hamas, then how are Palestinians expected to feel about the more than 9,000 prisoners captured and held by Israel--including 342 juveniles and over 700 held without trial (Mandela Center for Human Rights, 4/30/06)?

Moreover, Israel's withdrawal did not remotely give Palestinians "what they wanted." In addition to its continued deadly attacks on Gaza, Israel has continued to control Gaza's borders and has withheld tens of millions of dollars of tax revenue in response to Hamas' victory in democratic elections in January 2006. Israel's actions crippled the Gaza economy and prompting warnings from the U.N. of a looming humanitarian disaster (UNRWA, 7/8/06).

None of this is to say that Hamas, which has regularly ignored the distinction between military and civilian targets, does not share part of the blame for the current crisis. But to act as though Israel had been behaving as a peace-loving neighbor to Gaza until the soldier's capture is a willful rewriting of very recent history. The most Schieffer can bring himself to say about Israel is this: "Israel had every right to respond, and it did. But again, this is the Middle East, so perhaps a response may have made it all worse by giving moderate Arabs in the region an excuse to distance themselves from Israel."

"Israel's "response" has resulted in the deaths to date of at least 103 Palestinians, while no Israelis have died other than one soldier killed by friendly fire (New York Times, 7/19/06). Meanwhile, Israel has also destroyed Gaza's main power plant and its water system, leaving tens of thousands of Gaza families without access to food, water and medical care (Oxfam, 7/19/06). In Lebanon, Israel has killed over 300 people, the vast majority of them civilians, wounded over 1000 and displaced half a million (MSNBC, 7/19/06). To call such devastation an "excuse" for Arabs to "distance themselves from Israel" is a trivialization of real human suffering.

Why is Bob Schieffer allowed to get away with such shallow, dismissive coverage of complicated and tragic events? Because it's the Middle East."

We also need alternative sources of information from the mainline news sources. One of these are the links on this web page. Another are the newsletters of the many peace and justice groups. One of the alternative sources of information is the web-site of the National Office of Jesuit Social Ministries www.jesuit.org Here you can access immediate information updates and urgent action steps which are priorities of the National Jesuit Social Ministries. Jesuit Advocates is a relatively easy way to contact your legislators.

The US Jesuit Conference is in a process of strategic discernment concerning the future apostolic priorities of the Society of Jesus. If you wish to give in-put, click here. See also,

A third approach is to create our own means of communication. The picture above is taken in the radio studio of WVXU, 91.7 FM. For twenty eight years I had a weekly radio show called Faith and Justice Forum the response of religious groups to God's call for social action.

A fourth approach would be community ownership of the communications media or more wide-spread ownership. Presuming we achieve a genuine democracy, I think this would give everyone a better chance to exercise their natural right of free speech.

Free Press

Free Press is a national nonpartisan organization working to increase informed public participation in crucial media policy debates, and to generate policies that will produce a more competitive and public interest-oriented media system with a strong nonprofit and noncommercial sector.

We believe that a more democratic US media system will lead to better public policies - at home and abroad. As our world becomes more and more interconnected, it is imperative that any kind of development takes into account basic environment, economic, and human rights, while defining corporate and personal responsibilities. Free Press considers information to be among the most important resources to any society. We strive to open up the media system to allow more diversity of opinion to be expressed, to present a broader perspective, and to increase the caliber of information available to everyday people. This, in turn, will lead to a more participatory and accountable government and to more sustainable policies and practices regarding national and global development.

2009 Current Events

End of Catholic Liturgical Year 2009

We know the fiscal year is ending when our financial reports are due. We know the calendar year is ending because of New Year's Eve parties. We know the end of the Christian liturgical year only if we are praying the Divine Office or following closely the liturgical cycle. Liturgical time is sacred time, different from calendar time or clock time or from temporality. Temporality is our grasp of our graced story. How well we have assimilated our past which makes us more present, and points us in the right direction for the future. Clock time is the measure of motion according to before and after. Clock time is that which we need to prioritize so that we can enjoy temporality and liturgical time.

Sacred time makes the past present in a much more forceful and real way than does a simple commemoration. At the Last Supper Jesus said, "This is my body--this is my blood--do this in memory of me. When the priest says these words at Mass, Christ dies and rises again in a mystical, unbloody, but real way. We join ourselves and all of nature to Christ as He presents all of creation to the Father. The Catholic Church teaches the Mass is a living memorial. The American Revolution is over. We're not fighting the battle of Lexington and Concord. Christ's redemptive act is not over. Christ really dies and rises. Sacred time not only makes the past present, it makes the future present. Through sacred time in seed the full establishment of God's reign is with us now. Christ has come, reconciling all things to Himself. Ending the liturgical year, the feast of Christ the King reminds us of a special kind of kingship, a reign of peace, justice, love, and truth. Christ is our origin and our goal, the infinite and inexhaustible depth and ground of our being; the magnetic focus drawing all things to himself.

That we are sinners, often rationalizing ourselves, does not deter us from speaking in love the truth as we see it. Faith-based communities such as Christian Life Communities can help us to discern together and minimize self-deception. We are called to accept the challenge of the Second Vatican Council to scrutinize the signs of the times and interpret those signs in the light of the Gospel. St. Paul says our goal is restoration of all things in Christ. If we are removed and absent from God's physical creation, we are alienated from God. If we are separated from our sisters and brothers made in the image of God, we are separated from God.

Like love, truth begins at home, with greater communication with those close to us, listening and talking to one another. God's reign is built on truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. The truth can hurt, but ultimately the truth makes us free. If we listen to others, we have a better chance that they will listen to us.

To some we are only waiting around now in the lobby, waiting for the movie of heaven to start. To me we are co-creators with God, working with God to bring God's act of creation to perfection. We are preparing the world for its final transformation and transfiguration. There is continuity between this life and the life to come. It's this world, these relationships that will be transformed. What we do now has eternal significance.

The gospel for the Feast of Christ the King points to the way we will prepare the world for its final transformation. The Son of Man comes in glory escorted by all the angels of heaven, sits upon his royal throne, and all the nations assemble before Him. Then Jesus reveals who He is. Jesus is those who are hungry, the foreigners, the criminals, those ill and in rags. Those who neglect these least, neglect Jesus. Those who serve these least, serve Jesus. Those who work for peace and justice prepare the world for its final transfiguration. Christ has died. Christ is risen. Christ will come again. Christ will put all enemies under His feet, and will destroy death itself. The Triune God will be all in all.

The end of the Liturgical Year is an occasion to reflect on our individual and collective light and dark graced stories for 2009.

The liturgical season of Advent is testimony that the first Christians were definitely a Church of the future. The first Christians lived in constant expectation and anticipation of the Parousia, the final coming of Christ, the full establishment of the reign of God. "The community which extended itself through so much of the Roman world was not an eschatological group withdrawn from the world. .To describe this uniquely vital and energetic movement as a tight little eschatological group which was content to let the world go to perdition while it awaited the coming of its savior in the clouds seems to be as great a perversion of Jesus and the Church as anyone has ever proposed." Fr. John L. McKenzie, Dictionary of the Bible, Parousia.

"The expectation of a new earth must not weaken but rather stimulate our concern for cultivating this one. For here grows the body of a new human family, a body which even now is able to give some kind of foreshadowing of the new age. . . After we have obeyed the Lord, and in His Spirit nurtured on earth the values of human dignity, solidarity and freedom, and indeed all the good fruits of what we are and what we do, we will find them again, but freed of stain, burnished and transfigured." (Vatican II, "The Church in the Modern World" No. 39) In this life we're not just waiting in the lobby for the movie of heaven to start. We're making the movie. God will edit it and touch it up. God will transform and transfigure our own efforts. But it will be this world and these relationships that will be transformed and transfigured. What we do now makes an eternal difference.

Happy Advent, Kwanzaa, Hanukkah, Eid Fetr!

I never underestimate the will and power of God for good. Once we had kings and queens. Now democracy is the norm. Once we had slavery, later de jure and de facto segregation. Now we have civil rights legislation, even a black President. Once women were not permitted to vote. Now we have the League of Women Voters. As St. Paul says, "Where sin abounds, there grace does more abound." (Romans 5.20)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hopes for the Second African Synod
By Peter Henriot, SJ

[The following article appears in the September 2009 issue of Hakimani, the e-newsletter of the Jesuit Hakimani Center, a peace and justice center in East Africa. Fr. Peter Henriot, SJ, is the director of the Jesuit Center for Theological Reflection, Lusaka, Zambia.]

When some 200-plus bishops and advisers from all over Africa gather in Rome in October, a special focus will be on how the Catholic Church can best serve the people of this continent. The Second African Synod (officially called the Second Special Assembly for Africa of the Synod of Bishops) meets October 4-25, with the theme "The Church in Africa in Service to Reconciliation, Justice and Peace: 'You are the Salt of the Earth. You are the Light of the World' (Matthew 5: 13-14).

Preparations - Preparations for the Synod have been going on for the past three years, with efforts of mixed success to involve a cross section of Catholics to explore the significance of the theme and its implications for theological reflection and pastoral practices. I say "mixed success" because in many dioceses and parishes much activity has gone on and in many others very little activity.

In 2006, a set of discussion guidelines (in Latin, Lineamenta) was circulated to prompt early conversations about the theme, inviting an "examination of conscience" about our life as "family of God." The results of these conversations were then communicated to the Vatican for preparation of the agenda (Instrumentum Laboris) to focus the debates of the Synod. When Pope Benedict XVI visited Cameroon in May, he presented the agenda with a call for reflection and prayer to engage all of us in this important event.

Personally, I am struck by the relevance of the agenda topics to the life of the Church in Africa. There is an honest reflection on the difficulties of implementation of the First African Synod (1994), with clear recognition that many parts of Africa have in the past decade been severely wracked by armed conflicts and ineffective governance. The concrete experience of the Church in relating to this challenging situation is sketched with obvious questions regarding the effectiveness of our responses.

Challenges - Of many points that can be emphasized about the significance of Synod debates and decisions, here are three that seem to me to be very important: First, is the necessary formation that needs to be done in the church social teaching (CST) across all of the Church bishops, clergy, religious, laity. There still is too much ignorance of the content of the CST and/or reluctance to take seriously its call for prophetic stances by everyone in the Church. Many lay people, including those in important positions of government and business; simply do not know about the CST because many priests and pastoral leaders have never communicated its content and challenge in homilies, workshops, catechetical programs, etc.

Second, priority is to put high emphasis upon promotion of the dignity of women in both Church and society. As the agenda clearly notes, "Women and the laity in general are not fully integrated in the Church?s structures of responsibility and the planning of her pastoral programs." Anti-evangelical cultural and ecclesial attitudes, patterns and structures must be challenged head on by the Synod if any true reconciliation is to be possible.

Third, priority that Synod discussion and decision must address is something which is surprisingly absent from the agenda. This is the topic of environmental concern touching issues such as climate change (global warming), ecological integrity, life-style adjustments, and industrial pollution by new investors coming to the Continent (e.g., in the extractives sector). Aside from one passing reference to multinational corporations? not paying adequate attention to the environment, this topic that is so much in the forefront of problems in Africa is not explored. Surely, the actual Synod deliberations will take up the topic!

 

In 2009 the U.S. lost "the most trusted man in America" on July 17, Citizens for Global Solutions lost an irreplaceable partner and friend.

When accepting our Norman Cousins Global Governance Award in 1999, Walter Cronkite said,

"Those of us who are living today can influence the future of civilization. We can influence whether our planet will drift into chaos and violence, or whether through a monumental educational and political effort we will achieve a world of peace under a system of law where individual violators of that law are brought to justice."

Cronkite believed that we have the power to achieve a world of peace, as do I. But, as he said, achieving such a world requires an enormous effort. Your support is critical to keep Citizens for Global Solutions at the forefront of this endeavor.

A decade ago, Cronkite proposed "three suggestions for immediate action that would move us in a direction firmly in the American tradition of law and democracy:"

"Keep our promises? Americans overwhelmingly want us to pay our UN dues, with no crippling limitations."
"Ratify the Treaty to Ban Land Mines, the Law of the Sea Treaty, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the Convention to Eliminate All forms of Discrimination against Women, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Most important, we should sign and ratify the Treaty for a Permanent International Criminal Court."
"[Consider] a more representative and democratic system of decision making at the UN. This should include both revision of the Veto in the Security Council and adoption of a weighted voting system for the General Assembly."
Clearly, it's time to complete Cronkite's past due "immediate action" items and move on from there.

I am proud that this is the focus of Citizens for Global Solutions' current efforts. We are playing offense rather than defense on our priority issues - the Law of the Sea, the International Criminal Court, U.N. Peacekeeping, Nuclear Weapons, Climate Change, Human Rights, and U.N. Reform.

Pope Benedict XVI Love in Truth

CHAPTER FIVE: THE COOPERATION OF THE HUMAN FAMILY

53. One of the deepest forms of poverty a person can experience is isolation. If we look closely at other kinds of poverty, including material forms, we see that they are born from isolation, from not being loved or from difficulties in being able to love. Poverty is often produced by a rejection of God's love, by man's basic and tragic tendency to close in on himself, thinking himself to be self-sufficient or merely an insignificant and ephemeral fact, a ?stranger? in a random universe. Man is alienated when he is alone, when he is detached from reality, when he stops thinking and believing in a foundation [125]. All of humanity is alienated when too much trust is placed in merely human projects, ideologies and false utopias [126]. Today humanity appears much more interactive than in the past: this shared sense of being close to one another must be transformed into true communion. The development of peoples depends, above all, on a recognition that the human race is a single family working together in true communion, not simply a group of subjects who happen to live side by side [127].

Pope Paul VI noted that ?the world is in trouble because of the lack of thinking? [128]. He was making an observation, but also expressing a wish: a new trajectory of thinking is needed in order to arrive at a better understanding of the implications of our being one family; interaction among the peoples of the world calls us to embark upon this new trajectory, so that integration can signify solidarity [129] rather than marginalization. Thinking of this kind requires a deeper critical evaluation of the category of relation. This is a task that cannot be undertaken by the social sciences alone, insofar as the contribution of disciplines such as metaphysics and theology is needed if man's transcendent dignity is to be properly understood.

As a spiritual being, the human creature is defined through interpersonal relations. The more authentically he or she lives these relations, the more his or her own personal identity matures. It is not by isolation that man establishes his worth, but by placing himself in relation with others and with God. Hence these relations take on fundamental importance. The same holds true for peoples as well. A metaphysical understanding of the relations between persons is therefore of great benefit for their development. In this regard, reason finds inspiration and direction in Christian revelation, according to which the human community does not absorb the individual, annihilating his autonomy, as happens in the various forms of totalitarianism, but rather values him all the more because the relation between individual and community is a relation between one totality and another [130]. Just as a family does not submerge the identities of its individual members, just as the Church rejoices in each ?new creation? (Gal 6:15; 2 Cor 5:17) incorporated by Baptism into her living Body, so too the unity of the human family does not submerge the identities of individuals, peoples and cultures, but makes them more transparent to each other and links them more closely in their legitimate diversity.

54. The theme of development can be identified with the inclusion-in-relation of all individuals and peoples within the one community of the human family, built in solidarity on the basis of the fundamental values of justice and peace. This perspective is illuminated in a striking way by the relationship between the Persons of the Trinity within the one divine Substance. The Trinity is absolute unity insofar as the three divine Persons are pure relationality. The reciprocal transparency among the divine Persons is total and the bond between each of them complete, since they constitute a unique and absolute unity. God desires to incorporate us into this reality of communion as well: ?that they may be one even as we are one? (Jn 17:22). The Church is a sign and instrument of this unity [131]. Relationships between human beings throughout history cannot but be enriched by reference to this divine model. In particular, in the light of the revealed mystery of the Trinity, we understand that true openness does not mean loss of individual identity but profound interpenetration. This also emerges from the common human experiences of love and truth. Just as the sacramental love of spouses unites them spiritually in ?one flesh? (Gen 2:24; Mt 19:5; Eph 5:31) and makes out of the two a real and relational unity, so in an analogous way truth unites spirits and causes them to think in unison, attracting them as a unity to itself.

55. The Christian revelation of the unity of the human race presupposes a metaphysical interpretation of the ?humanum? in which relationality is an essential element. Other cultures and religions teach brotherhood and peace and are therefore of enormous importance to integral human development. Some religious and cultural attitudes, however, do not fully embrace the principle of love and truth and therefore end up retarding or even obstructing authentic human development. There are certain religious cultures in the world today that do not oblige men and women to live in communion but rather cut them off from one other in a search for individual well-being, limited to the gratification of psychological desires. Furthermore, a certain proliferation of different religious ?paths?, attracting small groups or even single individuals, together with religious syncretism, can give rise to separation and disengagement. One possible negative effect of the process of globalization is the tendency to favor this kind of syncretism [132] by encouraging forms of ?religion? that, instead of bringing people together, alienate them from one another and distance them from reality. At the same time, some religious and cultural traditions persist which ossify society in rigid social groupings, in magical beliefs that fail to respect the dignity of the person, and in attitudes of subjugation to occult powers. In these contexts, love and truth have difficulty asserting themselves, and authentic development is impeded.

For this reason, while it may be true that development needs the religions and cultures of different peoples, it is equally true that adequate discernment is needed. Religious freedom does not mean religious indifferentism, nor does it imply that all religions are equal [133]. Discernment is needed regarding the contribution of cultures and religions, especially on the part of those who wield political power, if the social community is to be built up in a spirit of respect for the common good. Such discernment has to be based on the criterion of charity and truth. Since the development of persons and peoples is at stake, this discernment will have to take account of the need for emancipation and inclusivity, in the context of a truly universal human community. ?The whole man and all men? is also the criterion for evaluating cultures and religions. Christianity, the religion of the ?God who has a human face? [134], contains this very criterion within itself.

56. The Christian religion and other religions can offer their contribution to development only if God has a place in the public realm, specifically in regard to its cultural, social, economic, and particularly its political dimensions. The Church's social doctrine came into being in order to claim ?citizenship status? for the Christian religion [135]. Denying the right to profess one's religion in public and the right to bring the truths of faith to bear upon public life has negative consequences for true development. The exclusion of religion from the public square ? and, at the other extreme, religious fundamentalism ? hinders an encounter between persons and their collaboration for the progress of humanity. Public life is sapped of its motivation and politics takes on a domineering and aggressive character. Human rights risk being ignored either because they are robbed of their transcendent foundation or because personal freedom is not acknowledged. Secularism and fundamentalism exclude the possibility of fruitful dialogue and effective cooperation between reason and religious faith. Reason always stands in need of being purified by faith: this also holds true for political reason, which must not consider itself omnipotent. For its part, religion always needs to be purified by reason in order to show its authentically human face. Any breach in this dialogue comes only at an enormous price to human development.

57. Fruitful dialogue between faith and reason cannot but render the work of charity more effective within society, and it constitutes the most appropriate framework for promoting fraternal collaboration between believers and non-believers in their shared commitment to working for justice and the peace of the human family. In the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes, the Council fathers asserted that ?believers and unbelievers agree almost unanimously that all things on earth should be ordered towards man as to their centre and summit? [136]. For believers, the world derives neither from blind chance nor from strict necessity, but from God's plan. This is what gives rise to the duty of believers to unite their efforts with those of all men and women of good will, with the followers of other religions and with non-believers, so that this world of ours may effectively correspond to the divine plan: living as a family under the Creator's watchful eye. A particular manifestation of charity and a guiding criterion for fraternal cooperation between believers and non-believers is undoubtedly the principle of subsidiarity [137], an expression of inalienable human freedom. Subsidiarity is first and foremost a form of assistance to the human person via the autonomy of intermediate bodies. Such assistance is offered when individuals or groups are unable to accomplish something on their own, and it is always designed to achieve their emancipation, because it fosters freedom and participation through assumption of responsibility. Subsidiarity respects personal dignity by recognizing in the person a subject who is always capable of giving something to others. By considering reciprocity as the heart of what it is to be a human being, subsidiarity is the most effective antidote against any form of all-encompassing welfare state. It is able to take account both of the manifold articulation of plans ? and therefore of the plurality of subjects ? as well as the coordination of those plans. Hence the principle of subsidiarity is particularly well-suited to managing globalization and directing it towards authentic human development. In order not to produce a dangerous universal power of a tyrannical nature, the governance of globalization must be marked by subsidiarity, articulated into several layers and involving different levels that can work together. Globalization certainly requires authority, insofar as it poses the problem of a global common good that needs to be pursued. This authority, however, must be organized in a subsidiary and stratified way [138], if it is not to infringe upon freedom and if it is to yield effective results in practice.

58. The principle of subsidiarity must remain closely linked to the principle of solidarity and vice versa, since the former without the latter gives way to social privatism, while the latter without the former gives way to paternalist social assistance that is demeaning to those in need. This general rule must also be taken broadly into consideration when addressing issues concerning international development aid. Such aid, whatever the donors' intentions, can sometimes lock people into a state of dependence and even foster situations of localized oppression and exploitation in the receiving country. Economic aid, in order to be true to its purpose, must not pursue secondary objectives. It must be distributed with the involvement not only of the governments of receiving countries, but also local economic agents and the bearers of culture within civil society, including local Churches. Aid programmes must increasingly acquire the characteristics of participation and completion from the grass roots. Indeed, the most valuable resources in countries receiving development aid are human resources: herein lies the real capital that needs to accumulate in order to guarantee a truly autonomous future for the poorest countries. It should also be remembered that, in the economic sphere, the principal form of assistance needed by developing countries is that of allowing and encouraging the gradual penetration of their products into international markets, thus making it possible for these countries to participate fully in international economic life. Too often in the past, aid has served to create only fringe markets for the products of these donor countries. This was often due to a lack of genuine demand for the products in question: it is therefore necessary to help such countries improve their products and adapt them more effectively to existing demand. Furthermore, there are those who fear the effects of competition through the importation of products ? normally agricultural products ? from economically poor countries. Nevertheless, it should be remembered that for such countries, the possibility of marketing their products is very often what guarantees their survival in both the short and long term. Just and equitable international trade in agricultural goods can be beneficial to everyone, both to suppliers and to customers. For this reason, not only is commercial orientation needed for production of this kind, but also the establishment of international trade regulations to support it and stronger financing for development in order to increase the productivity of these economies.

59. Cooperation for development must not be concerned exclusively with the economic dimension: it offers a wonderful opportunity for encounter between cultures and peoples. If the parties to cooperation on the side of economically developed countries ? as occasionally happens ? fail to take account of their own or others' cultural identity, or the human values that shape it, they cannot enter into meaningful dialogue with the citizens of poor countries. If the latter, in their turn, are uncritically and indiscriminately open to every cultural proposal, they will not be in a position to assume responsibility for their own authentic development [139]. Technologically advanced societies must not confuse their own technological development with a presumed cultural superiority, but must rather rediscover within themselves the oft-forgotten virtues which made it possible for them to flourish throughout their history. Evolving societies must remain faithful to all that is truly human in their traditions, avoiding the temptation to overlay them automatically with the mechanisms of a globalized technological civilization. In all cultures there are examples of ethical convergence, some isolated, some interrelated, as an expression of the one human nature, willed by the Creator; the tradition of ethical wisdom knows this as the natural law [140]. This universal moral law provides a sound basis for all cultural, religious and political dialogue, and it ensures that the multi-faceted pluralism of cultural diversity does not detach itself from the common quest for truth, goodness and God. Thus adherence to the law etched on human hearts is the precondition for all constructive social cooperation. Every culture has burdens from which it must be freed and shadows from which it must emerge. The Christian faith, by becoming incarnate in cultures and at the same time transcending them, can help them grow in universal brotherhood and solidarity, for the advancement of global and community development.

60. In the search for solutions to the current economic crisis, development aid for poor countries must be considered a valid means of creating wealth for all. What aid programme is there that can hold out such significant growth prospects ? even from the point of view of the world economy ? as the support of populations that are still in the initial or early phases of economic development? From this perspective, more economically developed nations should do all they can to allocate larger portions of their gross domestic product to development aid, thus respecting the obligations that the international community has undertaken in this regard. One way of doing so is by reviewing their internal social assistance and welfare policies, applying the principle of subsidiarity and creating better integrated welfare systems, with the active participation of private individuals and civil society. In this way, it is actually possible to improve social services and welfare programmes, and at the same time to save resources ? by eliminating waste and rejecting fraudulent claims ? which could then be allocated to international solidarity. A more devolved and organic system of social solidarity, less bureaucratic but no less coordinated, would make it possible to harness much dormant energy, for the benefit of solidarity between peoples.

One possible approach to development aid would be to apply effectively what is known as fiscal subsidiarity, allowing citizens to decide how to allocate a portion of the taxes they pay to the State. Provided it does not degenerate into the promotion of special interests, this can help to stimulate forms of welfare solidarity from below, with obvious benefits in the area of solidarity for development as well.

61. Greater solidarity at the international level is seen especially in the ongoing promotion ? even in the midst of economic crisis ? of greater access to education, which is at the same time an essential precondition for effective international cooperation. The term ?education? refers not only to classroom teaching and vocational training ? both of which are important factors in development ? but to the complete formation of the person. In this regard, there is a problem that should be highlighted: in order to educate, it is necessary to know the nature of the human person, to know who he or she is. The increasing prominence of a relativistic understanding of that nature presents serious problems for education, especially moral education, jeopardizing its universal extension. Yielding to this kind of relativism makes everyone poorer and has a negative impact on the effectiveness of aid to the most needy populations, who lack not only economic and technical means, but also educational methods and resources to assist people in realizing their full human potential.

An illustration of the significance of this problem is offered by the phenomenon of international tourism [141], which can be a major factor in economic development and cultural growth, but can also become an occasion for exploitation and moral degradation. The current situation offers unique opportunities for the economic aspects of development ? that is to say the flow of money and the emergence of a significant amount of local enterprise ? to be combined with the cultural aspects, chief among which is education. In many cases this is what happens, but in other cases international tourism has a negative educational impact both for the tourist and the local populace. The latter are often exposed to immoral or even perverted forms of conduct, as in the case of so-called sex tourism, to which many human beings are sacrificed even at a tender age. It is sad to note that this activity often takes place with the support of local governments, with silence from those in the tourists' countries of origin, and with the complicity of many of the tour operators. Even in less extreme cases, international tourism often follows a consumerist and hedonistic pattern, as a form of escapism planned in a manner typical of the countries of origin, and therefore not conducive to authentic encounter between persons and cultures. We need, therefore, to develop a different type of tourism that has the ability to promote genuine mutual understanding, without taking away from the element of rest and healthy recreation. Tourism of this type needs to increase, partly through closer coordination with the experience gained from international cooperation and enterprise for development.

62. Another aspect of integral human development that is worthy of attention is the phenomenon of migration. This is a striking phenomenon because of the sheer numbers of people involved, the social, economic, political, cultural and religious problems it raises, and the dramatic challenges it poses to nations and the international community. We can say that we are facing a social phenomenon of epoch-making proportions that requires bold, forward-looking policies of international cooperation if it is to be handled effectively. Such policies should set out from close collaboration between the migrants' countries of origin and their countries of destination; it should be accompanied by adequate international norms able to coordinate different legislative systems with a view to safeguarding the needs and rights of individual migrants and their families, and at the same time, those of the host countries. No country can be expected to address today's problems of migration by itself. We are all witnesses of the burden of suffering, the dislocation and the aspirations that accompany the flow of migrants. The phenomenon, as everyone knows, is difficult to manage; but there is no doubt that foreign workers, despite any difficulties concerning integration, make a significant contribution to the economic development of the host country through their labour, besides that which they make to their country of origin through the money they send home. Obviously, these labourers cannot be considered as a commodity or a mere workforce. They must not, therefore, be treated like any other factor of production. Every migrant is a human person who, as such, possesses fundamental, inalienable rights that must be respected by everyone and in every circumstance [142].

63. No consideration of the problems associated with development could fail to highlight the direct link between poverty and unemployment. In many cases, poverty results from a violation of the dignity of human work, either because work opportunities are limited (through unemployment or underemployment), or ?because a low value is put on work and the rights that flow from it, especially the right to a just wage and to the personal security of the worker and his or her family?[143]. For this reason, on 1 May 2000 on the occasion of the Jubilee of Workers, my venerable predecessor Pope John Paul II issued an appeal for ?a global coalition in favour of ?decent work?'[144], supporting the strategy of the International Labour Organization. In this way, he gave a strong moral impetus to this objective, seeing it as an aspiration of families in every country of the world. What is meant by the word ?decent? in regard to work? It means work that expresses the essential dignity of every man and woman in the context of their particular society: work that is freely chosen, effectively associating workers, both men and women, with the development of their community; work that enables the worker to be respected and free from any form of discrimination; work that makes it possible for families to meet their needs and provide schooling for their children, without the children themselves being forced into labour; work that permits the workers to organize themselves freely, and to make their voices heard; work that leaves enough room for rediscovering one's roots at a personal, familial and spiritual level; work that guarantees those who have retired a decent standard of living.

64. While reflecting on the theme of work, it is appropriate to recall how important it is that labour unions ? which have always been encouraged and supported by the Church ? should be open to the new perspectives that are emerging in the world of work. Looking to wider concerns than the specific category of labour for which they were formed, union organizations are called to address some of the new questions arising in our society: I am thinking, for example, of the complex of issues that social scientists describe in terms of a conflict between worker and consumer. Without necessarily endorsing the thesis that the central focus on the worker has given way to a central focus on the consumer, this would still appear to constitute new ground for unions to explore creatively. The global context in which work takes place also demands that national labour unions, which tend to limit themselves to defending the interests of their registered members, should turn their attention to those outside their membership, and in particular to workers in developing countries where social rights are often violated. The protection of these workers, partly achieved through appropriate initiatives aimed at their countries of origin, will enable trade unions to demonstrate the authentic ethical and cultural motivations that made it possible for them, in a different social and labour context, to play a decisive role in development. The Church's traditional teaching makes a valid distinction between the respective roles and functions of trade unions and politics. This distinction allows unions to identify civil society as the proper setting for their necessary activity of defending and promoting labour, especially on behalf of exploited and unrepresented workers, whose woeful condition is often ignored by the distracted eye of society.

65. Finance, therefore ? through the renewed structures and operating methods that have to be designed after its misuse, which wreaked such havoc on the real economy ? now needs to go back to being an instrument directed towards improved wealth creation and development. Insofar as they are instruments, the entire economy and finance, not just certain sectors, must be used in an ethical way so as to create suitable conditions for human development and for the development of peoples. It is certainly useful, and in some circumstances imperative, to launch financial initiatives in which the humanitarian dimension predominates. However, this must not obscure the fact that the entire financial system has to be aimed at sustaining true development. Above all, the intention to do good must not be considered incompatible with the effective capacity to produce goods. Financiers must rediscover the genuinely ethical foundation of their activity, so as not to abuse the sophisticated instruments which can serve to betray the interests of savers. Right intention, transparency, and the search for positive results are mutually compatible and must never be detached from one another. If love is wise, it can find ways of working in accordance with provident and just expediency, as is illustrated in a significant way by much of the experience of credit unions.

Both the regulation of the financial sector, so as to safeguard weaker parties and discourage scandalous speculation, and experimentation with new forms of finance, designed to support development projects, are positive experiences that should be further explored and encouraged, highlighting the responsibility of the investor. Furthermore, the experience of micro-finance, which has its roots in the thinking and activity of the civil humanists ? I am thinking especially of the birth of pawnbroking ? should be strengthened and fine-tuned. This is all the more necessary in these days when financial difficulties can become severe for many of the more vulnerable sectors of the population, who should be protected from the risk of usury and from despair. The weakest members of society should be helped to defend themselves against usury, just as poor peoples should be helped to derive real benefit from micro-credit, in order to discourage the exploitation that is possible in these two areas. Since rich countries are also experiencing new forms of poverty, micro-finance can give practical assistance by launching new initiatives and opening up new sectors for the benefit of the weaker elements in society, even at a time of general economic downturn.

66. Global interconnectedness has led to the emergence of a new political power, that of consumers and their associations. This is a phenomenon that needs to be further explored, as it contains positive elements to be encouraged as well as excesses to be avoided. It is good for people to realize that purchasing is always a moral ? and not simply economic ? act. Hence the consumer has a specific social responsibility, which goes hand-in- hand with the social responsibility of the enterprise. Consumers should be continually educated[145] regarding their daily role, which can be exercised with respect for moral principles without diminishing the intrinsic economic rationality of the act of purchasing. In the retail industry, particularly at times like the present when purchasing power has diminished and people must live more frugally, it is necessary to explore other paths: for example, forms of cooperative purchasing like the consumer cooperatives that have been in operation since the nineteenth century, partly through the initiative of Catholics. In addition, it can be helpful to promote new ways of marketing products from deprived areas of the world, so as to guarantee their producers a decent return. However, certain conditions need to be met: the market should be genuinely transparent; the producers, as well as increasing their profit margins, should also receive improved formation in professional skills and technology; and finally, trade of this kind must not become hostage to partisan ideologies. A more incisive role for consumers, as long as they themselves are not manipulated by associations that do not truly represent them, is a desirable element for building economic democracy.

67. In the face of the unrelenting growth of global interdependence, there is a strongly felt need, even in the midst of a global recession, for a reform of the United Nations Organization, and likewise of economic institutions and international finance, so that the concept of the family of nations can acquire real teeth. One also senses the urgent need to find innovative ways of implementing the principle of the responsibility to protect [146] and of giving poorer nations an effective voice in shared decision-making. This seems necessary in order to arrive at a political, juridical and economic order which can increase and give direction to international cooperation for the development of all peoples in solidarity. To manage the global economy; to revive economies hit by the crisis; to avoid any deterioration of the present crisis and the greater imbalances that would result; to bring about integral and timely disarmament, food security and peace; to guarantee the protection of the environment and to regulate migration: for all this, there is urgent need of a true world political authority, as my predecessor Blessed John XXIII indicated some years ago. Such an authority would need to be regulated by law, to observe consistently the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity, to seek to establish the common good [147], and to make a commitment to securing authentic integral human development inspired by the values of charity in truth. Furthermore, such an authority would need to be universally recognized and to be vested with the effective power to ensure security for all, regard for justice, and respect for rights [148]. Obviously it would have to have the authority to ensure compliance with its decisions from all parties, and also with the coordinated measures adopted in various international forums. Without this, despite the great progress accomplished in various sectors, international law would risk being conditioned by the balance of power among the strongest nations. The integral development of peoples and international cooperation require the establishment of a greater degree of international ordering, marked by subsidiarity, for the management of globalization [149]. They also require the construction of a social order that at last conforms to the moral order, to the interconnection between moral and social spheres, and to the link between politics and the economic and civil spheres, as envisaged by the Charter of the United Nations.