| Xavier University Army ROTC
Study Guide
Military Weapons (M16A2, M9, M60)
RIFLE, 5.56mm, M16A2
References:
Field Manual 23-9, Technical Manual 9-1005-319-10
1. What is the description of the M16A2?
The M16A2 is a 5.56mm, magazine-fed, gas-operated,
shoulder fired weapon. It is designed to fire either semiautomatic
or a three-round burst through the use of a selector lever.
2. What is the weight of the M16A2?
- 7.78 lbs, without sling or magazine
- 8.48 lbs, with sling and 20 round magazine
- 8.79 lbs, with sling and 30 round magazine
3. What is the length of the M16A2?
- Barrel length with compensator, 21 inches
- Rifle length with compensator, 39.63 inches
- Rifle with bayonet, 44.84 inches
4. What is the maximum range of the M16A2?
3,600 meters.
5. What is the maximum effective range of the
M16A2?
- 550 meters (point target)
- 800 meters (area target)
6. What is meant by Maximum Effective Range?
The greatest distance that a weapon may be expected
to fire accurately to inflict casualties or damages.
7. What is (are) the maximum effective rate
(s) of fire for the M16A2 rifle?
- Sustained: 12-15 rounds per minute
- Semiautomatic: 45 rounds per minute
- Automatic (3 round burst): 90 rounds per
minute
8. What is meant by cyclic rate of fire?
The rate at which the weapon fires automatically.
9. What is meant by sustained rate of fire?
The actual rate of fire that a weapon can continue
to deliver for and indefinite length of time without seriously
overheating.
10. What is meant by maximum effective rate
of fire?
The rate of fire that can be maintained without
danger to the shooter or the weapon.
11. What is the muzzle velocity of the M16A2?
3,100 feet per second.
12. What is the recommended minimum basic load,
with 30 round magazines, for the M16A2?
210 rounds.
13. What types of ammunition can be used in
firing the M16A2?
- Ball M193
- Ball M855
- Tracer M196 & M856
- Dummy Ml99
- Blank, M200
- Plastic
14. What type of ammunition do you NOT fire
in your M16A2?
- Seriously corroded ammo
- Dented cartridges
- Cartridges with loose bullets
- Cartridges exposed to extreme heat (135 degrees
or more), until they have cooled
- Cartridges with the bullet pushed in (short
rounds)
15. What is a stoppage?
Failure of an automatic or semiautomatic firearm
to complete the cycle of operation.
16. What is immediate action?
Quickly applying a possible correction to reduce
a stoppage based on initial observation or indicators without
determining the actual cause.
17. What is a malfunction?
Failure to fire caused by procedural or mechanical
failure of the rifle, magazine, or ammunition.
18. What are the three primary categories of
malfunctions?
- Failure to Feed, Chamber, or Lock
- Failure to Fire Cartridge
- Failure to Extract and Eject
19. What is remedial action?
It is the continuing effort to determine the
cause for a stoppage or malfunction and to try to clear the
stoppage once it has been identified.
20. What immediate action should be taken for
a stoppage?
SPORTS:
- Slap upward on magazine to make sure it’s
properly seated
- Pull charging handle all the way back
- Observe ejection of case or cartridge, eyeball
chamber and check for obstruction
- Release charging handle to feed new round
- Tap forward assist
- Shoot
21. What is the purpose of the compensator?
It helps keep the muzzle down during firing
and breaks up the muzzle flash.
22. Other than on the rifle range, for training,
when may your weapon be fired?
You may ONLY fire your weapon as a last resort,
when other means have failed or would not work:
- To protect yourself or your partner while
on guard if you or your partner are in danger of death or
serious bodily harm
- To prevent the actual theft of a weapon
23. What procedure should you follow if you
must fire your weapon?
- Order the person(s) to halt before firing
- If you must fire, place your weapon on SEMIAUTOMATIC
- Aim to disable
24. If you must fire your weapon, what two things
should you never do?
- DO NOT fire a warning shoot
- DO NOT fire if you are likely to hit an innocent
bystander
25. What are the three basic steps of proper
rifle maintenance?
26. What two things do you inspect the rifle
for?
Cleanliness and serviceability.
27. What do you use to clean the M16A2?
CLP, swabs, pipe cleaners, brushes, patches,
and cleaning rods.
28. What type of lubrication do you use on the
M16A2?
- CLP (cleaner, lubricant, preservative) used
for -35 degrees Fahrenheit & above
- Lubricating Oil, Arctic Weapons (only used
during the coldest Arctic conditions)
29. What are the three levels of lubrication
for the M16A2?
- Lightly lube
- Generous lube
- Single drop
30. What are the two steps for the maintenance
of the M16A2 magazine?
- Wipe dirt from the tube, spring, and follower
- Lubricate the spring only
31. What are the steps of a safety check on
the M16A2 (clearing your rifle)?
- Weapon on safe
- Remove magazine
- Lock bolt to rear
- Visually inspect chamber
- Allow bolt to go forward
32. What is contained in the individual weapons
cleaning kit?
Carrying case, small plastic bottle of CLP,
bore brush, chamber brush (general purpose), set of cleaning
cods (consists of a handle-rod, three extension rods, and
swab holder), cleaning brush and swabs.
33. Who is responsible for cleaning the individual’s
weapon?
The individual who is assigned to the weapon,
not the armorer, armorer only cleans and takes care of the
unassigned weapons.
34. What is your weapon’s serial number?
_____________________
35. At what distance is the battlesight zero
set?
300 meters.
36. What does the front sight adjustment correct
for?
Elevation (up and down).
37. What does the rear sight adjustment correct
for?
Windage (right and left).
38. What is the name of target used for zeroing?
25 meter zeroing target, M16A2.
39. How many clicks of the windage or elevation
does it take to move the strike of the bullet one square on
the 25 meter target?
Three clicks.
40. What positions are available on the M16A2
selector lever?
41. With the M16A2 selector level on burst,
how many rounds does the M16A2 fire on each burst?
Three (3) rounds
42. On the M16A2, the rear sight consists of
how many sight adjustments?
2--windage knob and elevation knob.
43. The larger aperture on the M16A2 marked
0-2 is used for what?
Moving targets and limited visibility.
44. If battlesight zero has not previously been
determined on the M16A2, what setting must be placed on the
weapon prior to zeroing?
Initial sight setting (Mechanical zero).
45. How is the Initial sight setting (mechanical
zero) placed on the M16A2?
- Set the front sight post so that the base
of the post is flush with the well
- Center the rear sight aperture with the tick
mark on the receiver
- Set the elevation knob to 8/3 plus one click
46. Upon completion of the zero range, what
adjustment must be made to the rear sight elevation?
The elevation must be turned one click back
to 8/3 for field fire.
47. Which rear sight aperture is used for zeroing
the M16A2?
The unmarked aperture.
48. What marksmanship exercise is the commander’s
primary tool to evaluate integrated marksmanship performance
of the unit?
The record fire range.
49. What is the critical step in the Army’s
overall marksmanship training strategy?
To train the trainers first.
50. What are the eight steps in the functioning
of the M16A2?
- Feeding
- Chambering
- Locking
- Firing
- Unlocking
- Extracting
- Ejecting
- Cocking
51. What are the eight changes on the M16A2
in reference to the M16A2?
- Selector lever (safe, semi, burst)
- Barrel is heavier
- Handguard and stock are made of a different
material
- Hard pad on butt of stock
- Front sight post is now squared
- Brass deflector added
- Increased length
- Compensator helps keep muzzle down during
firing
52. What are the four marksmanship fundamentals?
- Steady position
- Aiming
- Breath control
- Trigger squeeze
53. Should your trigger finger touch the receiver
of the M16A2 rifle when firing?
No.
54. Describe the correct breathing technique
while zeroing (and when time is available to fire a shot)
for the M16A2?
Inhale, exhale normally and hold breath at the
moment of natural respiratory pause. The shot must then be
fired before feeling any unpleasant sensations from cease
breathing
55. Where should the eye be focused for correct
sight alignment?
On the front sight post.
56. What happens when the trigger finger is
touching the receiver while firing the M16A2 rifle?
The rifle will be misaligned with the target
at the moment of firing.
Machine Gun, 7.62 MM, M60
REFERENCES: Field
Manual 23-67, Technical Manual 9-1005-224-10
1. Give the description of the M60 Machine Gun.
It is an air cooled, belt-fed, gas operated
automatic weapon, fired from the open bolt position. Fixed
head space enables rapid changing of barrels.
2. What is the Open Bolt Position of the M60
Machine Gun?
The bolt is in the rearward or cocked position.
3. What is the length of the M60?
43 ½ inches.
4. What is the weight of the M60?
23 lbs.
5. What is the maximum effective range of the
M60?
- 1,100 meters (area target from the tripod)
- 800 meters (area target from the bipod)
- 600 meters (point target)
- 200 meters (moving point target)
6. What is the maximum range of the M60?
3,725 meters.
7. What is the sustained rate of fire for the
M60?
100 rounds per minute (change barrel every ten
minutes).
8. What is the rapid rate of fire for the M60?
200 rounds per minute (change barrel every two
minutes).
9. What is the cyclic rate of fire for the M60?
Approximately 550 rounds per minute (change
barrel every minute).
10. What is the basic load of ammunition per
crew for the M60?
600-900 rounds.
11. What are the eight major groups of the M60?
- Stock Group
- Buffer and Operating-Rod Group
- Bolt Group
- Trigger Mechanism Group
- Barrel Group
- Receiver Group
- Forearm Assembly Group
- Cover, Feed Tray, and Hanger Group
12. What types of ammunition can be used with
the M60?
- 7.62 mm - M80 Ball
- 7.62 mm - M62 Tracer (red/orange tip)
- 7.62 mm - M61 Armor Piercing (black tip)
- 7.62 mm - M82 Blank
- 7.62 mm - M63 Dummy
13. Name the knob which you turn to make deflection
corrections.
The windage knob.
14. What are the five procedures that should
be followed when firing the M60?
- Fire accurately without sights
- Move rapidly and maintain alignment
- Keep the fire low
- Reload quickly
- Distribute fire
15. What is the best range for the field zeroing
of the M60?
300-700 meters (500 meters is recommended).
16. What checks should you make as you emplace
the M122 Tripod and the M60?
- The legs extend with ease
- The sleeve latch works
- The spindle is locked
17. Briefly describe the three (3) checks you
should make on the traversing and elevating mechanism as you
mount the M60 on the tripod.
- The screw stops prevent the separation of
the transverse and elevating mechanism
- Both handwheels turn freely
- The slide is locked
18. How do you clear the M60?
- Put the safety on fire
- Cock the gun
- Put the safety on safe, return cocking handle
to it’s forward position
- Raise the cover, inspect the tray, and remove
links and ammo
- Raise the tray and inspect the chamber to
ensure that no rounds are present
- Close the cover, place the safety on fire,
pull the cocking handle to the rear and pull the trigger
while manually easing the bolt forward
- Place the safety on safe and raise the cover
19. What are the eight (8) steps for the M60
cycle of functioning?
- Feeding
- Chambering
- Locking
- Firing
- Unlocking
- Extracting
- Ejecting
- Cocking
20. What is the distance for a tracer burnout?
900 meters or more.
21. How do you properly load the M60?
- Place the safety lever on fire
- Open the bolt by pulling the cocking handle
to the rear, locking the bolt to the rear with the palm
of your hand facing up
- Return the cocking handle to the forward
position
- Put the safety lever on safe
- Raise the cover
- Ensure that the tray, receiver group, and
chamber are clear
- Place the first round of the belt in the
feed tray groove, making sure the double link is leading
with the open side of the link down
- Hold the belt up (about six rounds from the
loading end) while closing the cover, ensuring that the
first round remains in the feed tray groove
22. What is carried in the carrying case of
the M60, besides the spare barrel?
- 1 each, combination tool
- 1 each, handle assembly
- 1 each, swab holder section
- 5 each, cleaning rod sections
- 1 each, asbestos mitten
- 1 each, bore cleaning brush
- 1 each, chamber cleaning brush
- 1 each, receiver cleaning brush
- 1 each, ruptured cartridge extractor
- 1 each, TM 9-1005-224-10
- 1 each, container of CLP
- Sling
23. Why is the M60 fired from the open bolt
position?
It was designed to be fired from the open bolt
position for better cooling so that the air flow can go through
the bore as well as the external surfaces of the barrel.
24. When is the M60 considered safe?
The M60 is considered safe ONLY when the bolt
is in the closed bolt position. |
