| Xavier University Army ROTC
Study Guide
Leadership Counseling
1. What is the definition of counseling?
A process of listening, communicating advice,
instruction, or judgment with the intent of influencing a
person’s attitude or behavior.
2. What manual pertains to Leadership Counseling?
Field Manual 22-101.
3. What are the three approaches to counseling?
Directive, nondirective, and combined.
4. What is directive counseling?
When the counselor assumes the dominant role.
5. What is nondirective counseling?
When the counselor causes the counselee to take
complete responsibility for solving his own problem.
6. What is meant by the combined approach?
In the combined approach to counseling, the
leader uses parts of directive and nondirective approaches.
7. What are the reasons for counseling?
Reception and Integration, Discipline, Performance,
Professional Growth and Guidance, and Personal.
8. Is performance counseling limited to bad
performance?
No, counseling should be for good performance
as well.
9. What are the four learning steps an individual
must take to further develop his counseling skills?
- The leader as counselor
- Approaches to counseling
- Counseling skills and procedures
- The art of communicating
10. What type of personal counseling is most
effective?
Personal counseling which encourages the person
to arrive at their own solution.
11. What are some nonverbal signs that a soldier
may be in need of counseling?
- A good performer consistently begins to perform
below par
- A normally attentive person suddenly displays
a lack of attentiveness of concentration
- A soldier performs deliberate acts of misconduct
or refuses to follow instructions or orders
- A normally outgoing soldier becomes withdrawn
and a loner
- The soldier’s general appearance is
not in compliance with standards
12. What are the five steps in preparing to
counsel?
- Notify the soldier
- Schedule the best time
- Choose a suitable place
- Decide the right atmosphere
- Plan the discussion
13. During a counseling session, should the
leader spend more time at talking or listening?
A counselor should listen more than he speaks
with emphasis on making comments or responding by asking questions
as necessary.
14. What should you do with information concerning
a criminal act obtained during a counseling session in confidence?
A leader who gains information concerning a
criminal act during counseling has a responsibility to report
it to the proper authorities. The counselee has a right to
be informed of this limitation on confidentiality before session
reveals possible criminal activity.
15. What is performance counseling?
Performance counseling is the process of communicating
to a subordinate the leader’s assessment of the strong
aspects of the subordinate’s performance of duty and
ways in which that performance may be improved.
16. Is it an absolute requirement that leaders
regularly counsel their soldiers?
Yes. The leader who neglects to counsel his
subordinates is negligent in his performance of duty.
17. What DA Form is used for counseling?
DA Form 4856-R, General counseling form.
18. What is meant by reward power?
Based on the perception that the leader controls
rewards that the soldier values and believes will be given
for satisfactory performance.
19. What must a leader recognize about himself
when conducting personal counseling?
A leader must recognize his limitations and
offer only that kind of help for which he is trained and qualified.
20. What is Active Listening?
Active listening involves concentrating on what
the soldier is saying and letting him know that he is being
heard and understood.
21. Is extra training punishment?
No, when effectively utilized, extra training
corrects deficiencies related to inefficiency rather than
misconduct. Improved performance is the goal. It requires
concerned and caring leadership.
22. What is the key to getting results from
counseling?
Performing leader follow-up measures.
23. What are the leader follow-up measures?
- Let the chain of command know the results
of the counseling
- Take action or make referrals agreed upon
during the counseling
- Continue to evaluate the situation
- Recognize positive results
- Take corrective measures for poor results
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