Step 25: Citation Styles

APA (American Psychological Association) is the preferred citation style for many academic disciplines at Xavier. However, there are many other citations styles: MLA, Chicago, Blue Book, Vancouver, etc. A citation style dictates not only how you cite references in your bibliography, but also how you create in-text citations within the body of your paper. In addition, a citation style may specify how your paper is organized, your margins, your titles and subtitles, running headers, footers, graphs, tables, images, etc. It is recommended that you purchase a print copy of the style manual used for most of your papers.

1. Go to the library's homepage at http://www.xavier.edu/library/
2. Under the Help tab, in the Quick Links section, click Citation Style Guides.
   1. Find the online citation style guide recommended for most of your papers.
   2. Find the print citation style guide recommended for most of your papers.
3. Print one the Xavier citation style handouts listed below:
   • APA (American Psychological Association)
   • MLA (Modern Language Association)
4. Create a new MS Word document.
5. In the Word document create the correct APA or MLA citation for the following references:
   1. This article:
      Comparison of Parenting Stress in Different Developmental Disabilities. By: Gupta, Vidya Bhushan. Journal of Developmental & Physical Disabilities, Dec2007, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p417-425.
   2. This book:
      Understanding attachment : parenting, child care, and emotional development /
      Jean Mercer
      Westport, Conn. : Praeger Publishers, 2006
   3. Chapter 3 in this book:
      Black families / Harriette Pipes McAdoo [editor]
      Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2007
      Edition 4th ed
      • Chapter 1 African American families : a historical note / John Hope Franklin pages 3-6
      • Chapter 2 The Nguzo Saba and the Black family : principles and practices of well-being and flourishing / Maulana Karenga, Tiamoyo Karenga pages 7-28
      • Chapter 3 Interpreting the African heritage in African American family organization / Niara Sudarkasa pages 29 -50
      • Chapter 4 Conceptualizations and research of African American family life in the United States : some thoughts / Jualynne Elizabeth Dodson pages 51-68
   4. This website
6. Hanging indentations tip:
   1. In Microsoft Word, highlight your citation and click the more info arrow for Paragraph (found under the Home tab in Word 2007).
   2. The Paragraph dialog box will open.
   3. In the Indentation section, click the down arrow in the Special textbox and click Hanging.
   4. All subsequent references you type will be in this style.
7. Save this Word document to your computer desktop.
8. Create a new entry in your Blackboard e-portfolio (Expo Directory).
9. Upload your Word document file into your new Blackboard e-portfolio entry. Don't copy and paste it because it will lose some of the Word formatting, like hanging indentations.
10. If you need help with e-portfolio refer to these instructions.